Phylogeny of the Pierine. 295 
have seen, the male Catastictas are not affected at all; 
while in most species of Pereute the males have not 
advanced nearly so far along the mimetic path as have 
the females. Another point worthy of observation, which 
is paralleled elsewhere, is the fact that the males show a 
much closer approach to the complete mimetic pattern on 
the lower than on the upper surface.* 
A similar explanation will apply to the even more 
remarkable divergence shown by the genus Huterpe, 
though here the phenomena are so curious and complex 
as to require a more detailed treatment. This genus (as 
-restricted by Butler, Cist. Entom. 1., pp. 34, 42) does not 
contain a single form that reproduces in general aspect 
the typical Pierine features ; every species indeed is the 
subject of a mimetic change, and such marks of their 
origin and relationships as they retain, are used up in a 
more or less modified condition to heip in the production 
of the deceptive pattern. Thus we have seen how in 
Huterpe critias, EH. tereas, H. rosacea, and allied species, 
the area representing the white central band on the hind- 
wing, now tinged with rosy pink, has become an im- 
portant ingredient in the general imitation of Papilio 
zacynthus ¢ ; the red basal patches on the under surface 
also taking their part in the picture. There is, moreover, 
little doubt that the white spot on the forewings is 
identical in origin with the usual white central bar, while 
for the marginal yellow spots a counterpart is easily 
found in Catasticta nimbice and many of its allies. In 
Huterpe bellona we find the patch on the forewings 
bright yellow instead of white, while the rosy patch is 
intensified in colour and spht up into three or four 
brilliant streaks radiating from the base towards the 
margin of the wing. The general effect is not very 
dissimilar from that of H. critias, and the identity of the 
markings is beyond question ; nevertheless the changes, 
slight as they are, are highly significant, for they import 
nothing less than the substitution of a member of the 
Heliconine for one of the Papilionine group as a model 
for imitation. Huterpe bellona undoubtedly mimics 
the Heliconine group of which H. thelxivpe and H. 
burneyt are conspicuous members; and it would be 
difficult to find a better instance to show how slight a 
* See Weismann, ‘“ Studies,” vol. i., pp. 7, 8 (English Edition). 
