320 Dr. Frederick A. Dixey on the 
wings is almost uniformly pale, but distinct indications 
of the primitive red patches are nevertheless still to be 
met with (see p. 287). 
There would also seem to be little doubt that the 
American species allied to M. pyrrha, which are included 
by Mr. Butler* under Mylothris, with the neuration of 
which they agree, are closely related to Pieris. The pattern 
of every one has been more or less altered by mimicry, 
but in those males whose upper surface is unaffected by 
this kind of modification, the arrangement of the dark 
and light ground-colour is seen to present the ordinary 
features of Pieris or Leptophobia (compare, for instance, 
the upper side of M. pyrrha ¢ with that of P. thaloe). In 
M. lorena is found an oblique dark bar crossing the 
forewing just as in P. demophile and L. stamnata, this 
mark being utilised, both in M. lorena and the female of 
M. pyrrha, for the formation of the mimetic pattern. 
It has already been shown} how the primitive yellow 
streaks and red basal patches have been turned to account 
in the same direction on the underside of the hindwing, 
which, from the additional necessity for protection ex~ 
perienced by the insect when at rest with its wings 
closed, becomes the most important field for the mimetic 
process. It may be here remarked that the antennz of 
these American forms, while agreeing in character with 
those of Leptophobia, Pieris, Oatasticta, Leodonta, and the 
genera allied to these last, differ conspicuously from those 
of M. agathina, M. poppea, and the other African species 
of Mylothris. 
Hesperocharis diverges somewhat widely from the 
genera last discussed, both in neuration and in the 
character of its antenne; it retains, however, in many 
cases indications of the primitive marginal and sub- 
marginal dark series in a more recognizable form than 
any (see, for instance, the chevrons on the underside of 
H. erota, which represent series 8). The yellow streaks 
* Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, pp. 36-38. It appears to me that the 
neuration of the American forms of Mylothris is simply that of 
Pieris, minus the third subcostal nervule in the forewing, which 
branch is already almost obsolete in the latter genus. 
+ See above, p. 286. The transitional series which is there made 
to begin with M. lypera and M. lorena might easily be carried back 
to P. thaloe, which shows the true ‘Pierine pattern all ready, as it 
were, to take on the mimetic condition of the other species. 
