208 Mr. S. A. Neave: some bionomic 
number of specimens there are to be found many points 
of interest. We can hardly fail to notice that nearly every 
species which exists in large numbers (and has therefore 
been successful in the struggle for existence) almost in- 
variably forms the model for other species, or itself exhibits 
Miillerian mimicry with other abundant and distasteful 
species. In some cases it is true a few models, viz. 
certain species of P/anema, were only taken in very small 
numbers, but when we see that their mimics (spp. of 
Pseudacrxa) were also equally scarce, it is allowable to 
suppose that either owing to their retiring habits or some 
other such cause these species were overlooked, or that the 
collection was made near the edge only of their area of 
distribution. 
Association of Amauris echeria jacksoni, Sharpe, and A. 
albimaculata, Butler, with A. psyttalea f. damoclides, Staud. 
On examining a large series of both Amauris echeria 
and A. albimaculata, which, as Messrs. Rothschild and 
Jordan * have recently pointed out, are clearly distinct 
species, I was much struck with the difference between the 
Victoria Nyanza specimens and those from Southern Africa, 
The echeria specimens have long since been described by 
Miss Sharpe as A. jacksoni,+ a distinct species, but are 
doubtless not more than a geographical race of A. echeria, 
The albimaculata specimens are extremely like, if not 
identical with A. hanningtoni of Butler,t which is also 
only a form of albimaculata. I shall endeavour to show 
that both these forms differ from typical South African 
ones in a common direction, and that these differences are 
due to the presence of A. psyttalea, bringing all three 
species into a clearly marked synaposematic group. 
The Uganda specimens of both species, more especi- 
ally the 99, bear a marked general resemblance to 
A. psyttalea damoclides, Staud. The chief character by 
which this resemblance is obtained seems to be the 
markedly greater average size and roundness of the spot 
within the discoidal cell of the fore wing. I have there- 
fore measured both the length and breadth of this spot 
in a number of specimens from South Africa, East Africa, 
and Uganda. 
The results are appended in the following table :— 
* Nov. Zool. x, p. 504. { P.Z.8. 1891, p: 633; 
{ P Z.S8. 1888, p. 91. 
