290 Professor E. B. Poulton on Mimetie Forms of 
(2) Zrophonius. This form possesses the pattern of 
hippocoon, but white has been replaced by fulvous over the 
great continuous patch occupying most of the hind- and a 
large part of the fore-wing. The remaining pale markings 
are white, so that the yellow of tvimenz in part originated 
white and in part fulvous,—a more complex change than 
that which produced hippecoon. Considering the identity 
of pattern I first supposed that trophonius arose from 
hippocoon instead of having an independent origin in the 
triment. Although the former view may be dere the 
latter is I think more probable, being strongly supported 
by an interesting specimen from the Kikuyu Escarpment, 
in the Hope Department. In this butterfly the great 
patch is fulvous except upon the distal border of the part 
upon the fore-wing. This border, together with all the 
other pale markings on both wings, is not white like 
hippocoon, but retains the yellow of tvimeni. The specimen 
furthermore possesses a rudimentary “tail” nearly as 
much developed as that of the ¢rimeni represented on 
Plate XVIII, Fig. 1, while the sub-marginal yellow spots 
of the hind-wing are very large and prominent, far more 
so than in the particular specimen of ¢7iment just referred 
to. This specimen, with its primitive features, strongly 
supports the direct independent origin of ¢vzophonius from 
triment, the most convincing evidence being supplied by 
the pale markings which had not been converted into 
white, but remained of the ancestral yellow. 
The trophonius form at any rate of the merope sub- 
species appears to be more unstable and is probably a more 
recent development than either of the other mimetic 
female forms hippocoon and planemordes. A specimen in 
the Hope Department (Angola: Rogers: 1873) presents a 
very primitive form of the oblique black bar dividing the 
two chief pale spaces of the fore-wing. It is even less 
developed than in a specimen of dionysos in the same col- 
lection and much like that of the ¢ebullus trimeni represented 
on Plate XIX, Fig. 1. Jerope trophonius is very apt to 
appear as a variety in which the fulvous tint overspreads 
the whole of the pale markings of both wings. One of 
the two polytrophus trophonius forms at Oxford is of this 
variety. It is moreover a very poor mimic of Limnas 
chrysippus as compared with the smaller more deeply- 
coloured trophonius of the cenea sub-species (Plate XVII, 
Fig. 7). It is also noteworthy that the merope trophonius 
