Papilio dardanus (merope) and Acrea johnstoni. 295 
lanemoides and a trophonius of the western or merope 
type.* The latter strongly preponderates : the hind-wings 
are entirely those of trophonius. The fore-wings exhibit 
the fulvous area of planemoides spreading inwards along the 
inner margin and there becoming continuous with the 
fulvous area of trophonius. The pattern of the fore-wing 
is very like that represented on Plate XX, Fig. 5, but the 
fulvous area is somewhat larger and much less invaded by 
dark ground colour. The apical half of the fore-wing is 
typical planemoides, closely resembling that of the figure 
just quoted. This specimen taken alone would suggest 
the origin of planemoides from trophonius. 
(6) Intermediates between planemoides and other mimetic 
female forms of dardanus, not ancestral but due to first 
crosses between female of one form and male representing 
another form. 
The three intermediate examples described above 
(a, 8,and y) suggest the origin of planemoides from the fully 
developed cenea, hippocoon and trophonius respectively; and 
yet it is unreasonable to suppose that planemoides arose from 
more than one of the other female forms. We are thus 
driven to believe that such intermediates are not necessarily 
ancestral and to inquire what other significance they may 
possess. Here we derive the greatest assistance from Mr. 
G. F. Leigh’s breeding experiment in which it has been seen 
(see pp. 283, 313) that the cenea offspring of a trophonius 
parent exhibited distinct traces of the latter form. It will 
be remembered that this influence was evident in the 
deeper tint of the hind-wing patch in one specimen (Plate 
XVII, Fig. 8) and the inner marginal markings on the fore- 
wing of another (Fig. 11).f The intermediates described 
in this section of the paper are probably always the result 
of first crosses between females of one form and males bear- 
ing the tendencies of other female forms. We are compelled 
S) 
to believe that in later generations their female offspring 
* Easily distinguished from the trophonius of the south and east 
by its greater size, by the marked invasion of the margin of the 
fulvous area on the hind-wing by internervular radii, and by the 
much paler shade of the fulvous areas. 
+ A faint trace of the same marking is to be seen in the cenea 
offspring of a trophonius bred by Mr. Leigh in 1903. It can be 
just detected in the reduced representation on Fig. 11, Plate XX XI, 
Trans. Ent. Soc, London, 1904. 
