314 Hxplanation of Plates. 
Fia. 2. Papilio dardanus, sub-sp. polytrophus, 2 f. hippocoon : data 
as in Fig. 1, except that the specimen was captured 
September—October 1900. Although far more specialized 
by mimicry of the black and white Amauris niaviuss 
form dominicanus, the origin of the pattern from that of 
the trimeni form (Fig. 1) is clear and simple. It is 
accompanied by a change of the pale markings from 
yellow to white. 
3. Papilio dardanus, sub-sp, polytrophus, 9 f. cenea: data as 
in Fig. 2. This form is far more specialized, viz. further 
from the ancestral pattern still borne by the male insect 
(Plate XVII, Figs. 1-6), than the hippocoon (Fig. 2). At 
the same time it is by no means difficult to trace the 
independent origin of the cenea from the trimeni form 
by the spreading of the black ground colour, 
4. Papilio dardanus, sub-sp. merope, 2 £. planemoides, partially 
gynandromorphic on the left side. The male influence 
is not only seen in the conspicuous patches and streaks 
of pale yellow scales on both fore- and hind-wing, but 
also in the traces of the three submarginal black patches 
on the hind-wing (compare Plate XVII, Fig. 1). These 
are inconspicuous because placed on a dark ground ; but 
they can be at once recognized by comparing the left 
with the right hind-wing which exhibits no trace of 
gynandromorphism, The pale markings on the right fore- 
wing were caused by accidental injury and are in no way 
comparable with the appearance on the left side due 
to the existence of yellow scales like those of the male. 
This interesting specimen was collected by Mr. T. T. 
Behrens, R.E., in Buddu, on the west shore of Lake 
Victoria, Nyanza, between Entebbe and the mouth of the 
Kageru River: December 3, 1902—March 1, 1903. 
