Mr. R. Shelford’s Studies of the Blattide. 511 
American species of Hpilampra in the Hope Museum, 
Oxford, I had occasion to examine closely a series of 
specimens of Hpilampra burmeistert, Guér., collected in 
Brazil by the distinguished traveller, W. J. Burchell, and 
I observed that one female example had been preserved 
with two young larve actually emerging from the tip of 
the abdomen, and that they were still partially shrouded 
in some shreds of the embryonic membranes. The specimen 
is numbered “1400” and is the only one of the series that 
does bear a number. Those who have had occasion to 
study Burchell’s collections know that he attached num- 
bers to the specimens that were of special interest to him 
and his observations on such specimens were recorded in 
his note-books under corresponding: numbers. Unfortu- 
nately Burchell’s note-books with records of specimens 
numbered from 1345 onwards are lost, but we can be 
tolerably sure that the young larvee emerging from the 
abdomen of his specimen No. 1400 did not escape the 
notice of this keen observer and that the specimen was 
consequently numbered and the fact actually recorded. 
To Burchell then may well be accorded the credit of first 
discovering the phenomenon of viviparity in blattidz. 
In Sarawak, Borneo, I captured a female of Pseudo- 
phoraspis nebulosa, Burm., with numerous young larve 
clinging to the under surface of the abdomen, and in the 
Hope Museum is a female of Philebonotus pallens, Serv., 
with the following label attached :—“ Ceylon. J. Staniforth 
Green. Carries its live young beneath its wing-covers. 
1878.” In the females of this species the tegmina are 
large and convex, the wings somewhat reduced and the 
abdomen above is concavely depressed, so that a brood- 
chamber is formed under the tegmina in which there is 
ample room to accommodate several young larve. It is 
hardly reasonable to suppose that these two species of 
Epilamprine deposit an ootheca containing newly-fertilized 
eggs and stay beside the ootheca until the young larve 
hatch out and return to the mother from whom they 
originated. It is, on the contrary, in the highest degree 
probable that the eggs are retained in the body of the 
mother until they attain maturity, but whether they are 
enclosed in a horny ootheca lying in a brood-sac or 
whether the ootheca is absent or much reduced as in 
Panchlora viridis 1s not known. I have dissected the 
female Pseudophoraspis nebulosa that I ciptured with her 
