514 Mr. R. Shelford’s Studies of the Blattide. 
by a superficial examination the eggs are not in a very 
advanced state of development ; in this specimen the egg- 
mass is so large that it cannot be retained entirely in the 
brood-sac ; the ootheca is represented by a thin transparent 
membrane, which however is complete, not incomplete as 
in the species observed by Riley. In an undescribed 
species of Zemnopteryx from Kast Africa, the female 
carries the eggs contained in a transparent membrane 
protruding from the end of the abdomen; in the only 
example examined the eggs are very advanced in develop- 
ment. These new facts enable me to modify Holmgren’s 
“series” of Blattide as follows :— 
1. Oviparous species. Eggs enclosed in a chitinous 
ootheca and carried by the female for a short time 
only. 
Ex. Eetobia, Blatta, Periplaneta. 
2. Ovo-viviparous species. (a) Eggs enclosed in a 
semi-chitinous capsule and carried by the female, pro- 
truding from the abdomen during the greater part of the 
embryonic period. 
Ex. Phyllodromia germaniea. 
(6) As above, but eggs enclosed in a_ transparent 
membrane. 
Ex. Temnopteryv sp. 
3. Viviparous species. (#) Eggs enclosed in a chiti- 
nous ootheca which is retained in the brood-sac of the 
mother. Ex. Oxyhaloa saussurei, Hustegasta micans, Blabera 
sp. [?Pseudophoraspis nebulosa and Phlebonotus pallens}. 
(0) Eggs enclosed in a transparent membrane, which is 
retained in the brood-sac of the mother. i. Membrane 
complete. Ex. Molytria maculata, Epilampra burmeistert, 
Panchlora virescens, Panesthia javanica [? Pseudophoraspis 
nebulosa and Phlebonotus pallens]. i. Membrane incom- 
plete. Panchlora viridis, P. nivea. 
