﻿MAPS 
  — 
  HARRISON 
  AND 
  STRAUSZ-HUPE 
  257 
  

  

  and 
  distance 
  mark 
  it 
  still 
  as 
  a 
  potential 
  traffic 
  lane. 
  For 
  example, 
  the 
  

   distance 
  from 
  North 
  Atlantic 
  naval 
  bases 
  to 
  the 
  Bering 
  Sea 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  

   the 
  Northwest 
  Passage 
  is 
  less 
  than 
  half 
  what 
  it 
  is 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  the 
  

   Panama 
  Canal. 
  

  

  The 
  importance 
  of 
  Iceland 
  has 
  been 
  long 
  recognized 
  by 
  the 
  British 
  

   and 
  American 
  commands. 
  A 
  glance 
  at 
  an 
  Arctic 
  map 
  reveals 
  the 
  

   Norwegian 
  coast 
  as 
  the 
  only 
  Axis 
  frontage 
  on 
  the 
  Arctic 
  basin. 
  The 
  

   importance 
  of 
  a 
  northern 
  all-year 
  route 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  figures 
  : 
  New 
  

   York-Moscow 
  via 
  Murmansk, 
  5,300 
  miles 
  ; 
  New 
  York-Moscow 
  via 
  the 
  

   Persian 
  Gulf, 
  14,400 
  miles. 
  This 
  is 
  not 
  to 
  suggest 
  that 
  the 
  southern 
  

   route 
  be 
  abandoned, 
  for 
  this 
  route 
  has 
  the 
  great 
  advantage 
  that 
  sup- 
  

   plies 
  delivered 
  at 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  Persian 
  Gulf 
  can 
  be 
  distributed 
  on 
  

   comparatively 
  short 
  notice 
  to 
  several 
  different 
  fronts, 
  the 
  Russian, 
  

   Egyptian, 
  Syrian, 
  and 
  Indian. 
  

  

  Example 
  number 
  three 
  of 
  thought 
  conditioning 
  by 
  maps 
  we 
  can 
  find 
  

   on 
  our 
  home 
  continent. 
  Our 
  eastern 
  and 
  western 
  seaboards 
  are 
  far 
  

   more 
  conscious 
  of 
  danger 
  from 
  Axis 
  bombing, 
  yet 
  Todelo, 
  Detroit, 
  

   Duluth, 
  and 
  Winnipeg 
  are 
  as 
  close 
  to 
  Nazi 
  -held 
  Norway 
  as 
  Norfolk, 
  Va. 
  

  

  Salt 
  Lake 
  City, 
  all 
  of 
  Montana 
  and 
  Idaho, 
  part 
  of 
  North 
  Dakota 
  

   and 
  Winnipeg 
  are 
  as 
  close 
  to 
  Japanese 
  air 
  bases 
  as 
  Los 
  Angeles. 
  If 
  

   either 
  Axis 
  partner 
  were 
  to 
  establish 
  advance 
  bases 
  in 
  Greenland 
  or 
  

   Alaska, 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  Middle 
  West 
  would 
  be 
  in 
  as 
  great 
  danger 
  as 
  

   the 
  seaboards. 
  Here 
  again 
  are 
  facts 
  not 
  revealed 
  on 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  

   maps 
  in 
  common 
  use. 
  

  

  We 
  have 
  pointed 
  out 
  that 
  all 
  maps 
  must 
  be 
  misleading 
  in 
  them- 
  

   selves, 
  but 
  use 
  of 
  a 
  map 
  even 
  with 
  knowledge 
  of 
  its 
  limitations 
  can 
  

   also 
  produce 
  misleading 
  conceptions 
  of 
  geography. 
  Continual 
  use 
  

   of 
  a 
  given 
  map 
  in 
  a 
  fixed 
  position 
  results 
  in 
  dulling 
  of 
  perception. 
  

   For 
  example, 
  the 
  Mercator 
  projection 
  shows 
  us 
  with 
  perfect 
  accuracy 
  

   the 
  north-south 
  geographical 
  relation, 
  yet 
  most 
  people 
  are 
  skeptical 
  

   when 
  told 
  that 
  all 
  of 
  South 
  America 
  lies 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  Savannah, 
  Ga. 
  

   By 
  looking 
  at 
  a 
  Mercator 
  wall 
  map 
  with 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  a 
  mirror, 
  the 
  

   true 
  relation 
  is 
  made 
  plain. 
  The 
  shapes 
  on 
  the 
  map, 
  of 
  course, 
  have 
  

   not 
  changed, 
  they 
  are 
  merely 
  reversed, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  reflected 
  image 
  

   the 
  immense 
  eastward 
  sweep 
  of 
  the 
  coast 
  from 
  Brownsville 
  to 
  Natal 
  

   is 
  startlingly 
  revealed. 
  It 
  is 
  useful 
  to 
  turn 
  maps 
  upside 
  down, 
  or 
  

   point 
  them 
  in 
  a 
  direction 
  which 
  might 
  represent 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  view 
  

   of 
  an 
  individual 
  or 
  a 
  nation, 
  as 
  for 
  example 
  a 
  Briton's 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  

   continent, 
  or 
  Hitler's 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  Middle 
  East. 
  This 
  practice 
  is 
  

   recommended 
  in 
  defiance 
  of 
  the 
  rooted 
  conviction 
  of 
  the 
  cartographer 
  

   that 
  north 
  must 
  always 
  be 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  page. 
  The 
  globe 
  has 
  

   no 
  "top." 
  

  

  The 
  assault 
  on 
  map 
  traditionalism 
  has 
  been 
  led 
  mainly 
  by 
  Ameri- 
  

   can 
  magazines 
  and 
  newspapers 
  in 
  their 
  search 
  for 
  visual 
  aids 
  to 
  

  

  