﻿Smithsonian 
  Report, 
  1943.- 
  -Cochran 
  

  

  Plate 
  13 
  

  

  1. 
  Common 
  sand 
  viper 
  (Aspis 
  oipera). 
  Color: 
  pale 
  yellowish 
  or 
  pinkish 
  with 
  faint 
  darker 
  blotches. 
  

   Length: 
  2 
  feet. 
  Range: 
  northern 
  Africa 
  from 
  Algeria 
  to 
  Egypt. 
  Poisonous. 
  ( 
  Courtesy 
  New 
  York 
  Zoological 
  

   Society.) 
  

  

  2. 
  Ringhals 
  < 
  Haemachates 
  haemachatus) 
  , 
  also 
  called 
  keel-sealed 
  spitting 
  cobra. 
  Color: 
  brown 
  or 
  dull 
  black 
  

   above, 
  sometimes 
  with 
  cross 
  bars 
  of 
  brown; 
  underside 
  blackish, 
  except 
  for 
  a 
  pale 
  band 
  or 
  two 
  on 
  the 
  neck. 
  

   Length: 
  about 
  4 
  feet. 
  Range: 
  Cape 
  of 
  Good 
  Hope 
  and 
  Namaqualand. 
  Dangerously 
  poisonous 
  not 
  only 
  

   from 
  the 
  bite, 
  but 
  from 
  its 
  habit 
  of 
  spraying 
  poison 
  in 
  the 
  eyes 
  of 
  its 
  victim, 
  and 
  very 
  aggressive. 
  (Courtesy 
  

   New 
  York 
  Zoological 
  Society.) 
  

  

  