﻿342 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1943 
  

  

  populated 
  areas. 
  These 
  forests 
  contain 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  of 
  

   trees 
  as 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Tsingling 
  Shan, 
  with 
  the 
  addition 
  of 
  some 
  

   more 
  southern 
  species 
  such 
  as 
  Dalbergia 
  hupeana, 
  valued 
  for 
  its 
  

   heavy, 
  close-grained 
  wood 
  used 
  for 
  farm 
  implements, 
  oil 
  presses, 
  and 
  

   similar 
  objects. 
  The 
  boats 
  built 
  on 
  the 
  Han 
  River 
  are 
  better 
  than 
  

   are 
  those 
  built 
  on 
  the 
  Yellow 
  River, 
  for 
  here 
  are 
  found 
  many 
  more 
  

   suitable 
  woods, 
  among 
  them 
  being 
  Pauloionia 
  and 
  Catalpa. 
  

  

  South 
  of 
  the 
  Ta 
  Pan 
  Shan 
  in 
  eastern 
  Szechwan 
  is 
  a 
  hilly 
  area 
  where 
  

   many 
  trees 
  are 
  grown 
  for 
  their 
  commercial 
  products, 
  especially 
  wood 
  

   oil 
  (pi. 
  8, 
  fig. 
  2), 
  varnish 
  (pi. 
  8, 
  fig. 
  1), 
  and 
  wax, 
  and 
  mulberries 
  for 
  

   their 
  leaves 
  to 
  feed 
  silkworms, 
  and 
  bamboo 
  for 
  its 
  multitude 
  of 
  uses. 
  

   These 
  trees 
  are 
  also 
  grown 
  throughout 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  Red 
  Basin 
  of 
  

   Szechwan. 
  This 
  province 
  is 
  so 
  well 
  protected 
  from 
  the 
  severe 
  conti- 
  

   nental 
  climate 
  of 
  central 
  Asia 
  by 
  mountains 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  west 
  

   that 
  it 
  has 
  in 
  places 
  an 
  almost 
  subtropical 
  vegetation. 
  Much 
  fog 
  

   occurs 
  here 
  in 
  summer 
  ; 
  indeed, 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  next 
  province 
  toward 
  

   the 
  south 
  or 
  southwest, 
  Yunnan, 
  means 
  "south 
  of 
  the 
  clouds." 
  The 
  

   high 
  humidity 
  is 
  especially 
  favorable 
  for 
  plant 
  growth. 
  

  

  South 
  of 
  the 
  Yangtze, 
  in 
  southern 
  Szechwan, 
  Kweichow, 
  south- 
  

   western 
  Hupeh 
  and 
  western 
  and 
  northwestern 
  Hunan, 
  are 
  more 
  

   mountains 
  whose 
  forests 
  have 
  been 
  saved 
  from 
  exploitation 
  by 
  their 
  

   inaccessibility. 
  In 
  general, 
  these 
  forests 
  have 
  the 
  same 
  composition 
  as 
  

   those 
  on 
  the 
  Ta 
  Pan 
  Shan, 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  in 
  addition 
  many 
  species 
  with 
  

   more 
  southern 
  affinities. 
  The 
  important 
  southern 
  fir, 
  Cunnninghamia 
  

   lanceolata, 
  which 
  also 
  is 
  found 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  Yangtze 
  River, 
  but 
  not 
  

   north 
  of 
  the 
  Han 
  Ho, 
  is 
  found 
  here. 
  Western 
  Hunan 
  and 
  the 
  ad- 
  

   jacent 
  parts 
  of 
  eastern 
  Kweichow 
  have 
  been 
  very 
  important 
  centers 
  

   of 
  timber 
  supply 
  to 
  central 
  China 
  for 
  many 
  centuries. 
  Here 
  are 
  

   found 
  pines 
  of 
  species 
  different 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  northeastern 
  China, 
  

   also 
  Cedrela 
  sinensis, 
  a 
  northward-extending 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  mahog- 
  

   any 
  family 
  (Meliaceae), 
  the 
  camphor 
  tree, 
  and 
  nanmu 
  {Phoebe 
  

   nanmu), 
  a 
  tree 
  of 
  the 
  laurel 
  family 
  (Lauraceae) 
  with 
  exceptionally 
  

   valuable 
  wood, 
  various 
  oaks 
  and 
  chestnuts, 
  and 
  many 
  others. 
  It 
  has 
  

   been 
  reported 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  in 
  Hunan 
  many 
  forests 
  or 
  woods 
  planted, 
  

   protected, 
  and 
  managed 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  satisfactory 
  manner 
  by 
  clan 
  effort. 
  

   These 
  are 
  located 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  main 
  traveled 
  routes 
  and 
  are 
  not 
  com- 
  

   monly 
  seen 
  by 
  people 
  just 
  passing 
  through. 
  

  

  Another 
  important 
  forest-bearing 
  area 
  is 
  the 
  Nan 
  Shan 
  Range, 
  

   a 
  broad, 
  irregular 
  mountainous 
  tract 
  extending 
  east 
  from 
  the 
  Yunnan 
  

   plateau 
  and 
  separating 
  the 
  Yangtze 
  valley 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Si 
  Kiang 
  

   or 
  West 
  River 
  in 
  Kwangsi 
  and 
  Kwangtung. 
  In 
  its 
  inaccessible 
  parts 
  

   are 
  forests, 
  primarily 
  of 
  the 
  oak-chestnut 
  formation. 
  These 
  are, 
  

   however, 
  mere 
  remnants 
  of 
  the 
  vast, 
  rich 
  forests 
  which 
  once 
  grew 
  here 
  

   and 
  include, 
  of 
  course, 
  many 
  other 
  species 
  than 
  oak 
  and 
  chestnut. 
  

  

  