﻿448 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1943 
  

  

  cally 
  from 
  the 
  surrounding 
  peoples 
  of 
  Silval 
  culture. 
  35 
  Certain 
  cultural 
  

   correspondences, 
  too 
  — 
  such, 
  for 
  instance, 
  as 
  the 
  extremely 
  long 
  bows 
  

   found 
  among 
  the 
  Siriono 
  and 
  among 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  Brazilian 
  highland 
  

   Marginals 
  — 
  appear 
  significant, 
  and 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  they 
  go, 
  suggest 
  Marginal 
  

   tarriance 
  with 
  later 
  Silval 
  cultural 
  intrusion. 
  But 
  our 
  information 
  on 
  

   most 
  of 
  these 
  internally 
  Marginal 
  groups 
  is 
  at 
  present 
  woefully 
  frag- 
  

   mentary. 
  We 
  may 
  say 
  in 
  passing 
  that 
  perhaps 
  no 
  more 
  urgent 
  task 
  in 
  

   South 
  American 
  ethnology 
  clamors 
  for 
  attention 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  thorough 
  

   field 
  investigation 
  of 
  these 
  very 
  simple 
  peoples 
  scattered 
  here 
  and 
  

   there 
  through 
  the 
  Silval 
  belt. 
  

  

  (b) 
  Pan 
  American 
  evidence. 
  — 
  The 
  foregoing 
  South 
  American 
  evi- 
  

   dence 
  for 
  the 
  priority 
  of 
  the 
  Marginal 
  culture 
  or 
  cultures 
  to 
  the 
  Silval 
  

   is 
  appreciably 
  corroborated 
  by 
  the 
  Pan 
  American 
  evidence. 
  A 
  very 
  

   considerable 
  number 
  of 
  specific 
  and 
  diagnostic 
  cultural 
  elements 
  found 
  

   in 
  South 
  America, 
  particularly 
  though 
  not 
  exclusively 
  among 
  the 
  

   Marginal 
  peoples, 
  largely 
  disappear 
  in 
  Silval 
  South 
  America 
  and 
  in 
  

   Middle 
  America, 
  and 
  then 
  reappear 
  in 
  North 
  America, 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  

   number 
  of 
  cases 
  even 
  in 
  northeastern 
  and 
  northern 
  Asia. 
  

  

  Nordenskiold 
  first 
  called 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  phenomena 
  and 
  their 
  

   probable 
  significance 
  nearly 
  three 
  decades 
  ago. 
  In 
  his 
  final 
  paper 
  on 
  

   the 
  subject 
  published 
  shortly 
  before 
  his 
  death 
  in 
  1932, 
  he 
  listed 
  64 
  

   such 
  elements. 
  Krickeberg 
  later 
  barred 
  or 
  fused 
  some 
  of 
  these 
  but 
  

   added 
  about 
  25 
  others. 
  Loeb, 
  Schmidt, 
  and 
  von 
  Hornbostel 
  called 
  

   attention 
  to 
  certain 
  specific 
  correspondences 
  in 
  puberty 
  rites, 
  religion, 
  

   and 
  musical 
  style 
  respectively. 
  A 
  number 
  of 
  striking 
  resemblances 
  in 
  

   folk 
  lore 
  have 
  been 
  noted 
  by 
  Lowie, 
  Metraux, 
  and 
  others. 
  36 
  To 
  the 
  

   above 
  lists 
  the 
  present 
  writer 
  can 
  add 
  about 
  15 
  or 
  20 
  further 
  items. 
  All 
  

   in 
  all, 
  we 
  have 
  before 
  us 
  about 
  100 
  or 
  more 
  such 
  North-South 
  

   correspondences. 
  

  

  Of 
  these, 
  some 
  — 
  such 
  as 
  family 
  hunting 
  territories 
  or 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  

   skin 
  garments, 
  of 
  crutchless 
  paddles, 
  of 
  plank 
  houses 
  and 
  plank 
  boats 
  — 
  

   should 
  best 
  be 
  left 
  out 
  of 
  count, 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  specific 
  enough, 
  or 
  

   else 
  may 
  well 
  be 
  chance 
  convergences, 
  or 
  convergent 
  functions 
  of 
  

   similar 
  natural 
  environment 
  or 
  basic 
  Wirtschaft 
  in 
  the 
  far 
  north 
  and 
  

   far 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  continent. 
  Some 
  few 
  of 
  them, 
  too 
  — 
  such 
  as 
  scalping, 
  

   the 
  hollow 
  rattle, 
  sandals, 
  the 
  husking 
  peg 
  — 
  may 
  quite 
  possibly 
  be 
  

   the 
  result 
  of 
  independent 
  diffusion 
  from 
  horticultural 
  cultures. 
  But 
  

   a 
  great 
  many 
  of 
  them, 
  probably 
  a 
  good 
  majority, 
  cannot 
  seemingly 
  be 
  

  

  36 
  Koch-Griinbergr, 
  1906a, 
  p. 
  878 
  ; 
  1906b, 
  p. 
  180. 
  The 
  Sirion6 
  are 
  assumed 
  by 
  Eickstedt, 
  

   1934, 
  pp. 
  758, 
  855, 
  so 
  to 
  differ, 
  but 
  such 
  differences 
  as 
  exist 
  may 
  well 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  intrusions 
  of 
  

   white 
  and 
  Negro 
  blood 
  to 
  which 
  reference 
  is 
  made 
  by 
  Cardfis, 
  1886, 
  p. 
  280. 
  Cf. 
  Outes, 
  1924. 
  

   Definitive 
  conclusions 
  on 
  the 
  SirionC 
  will 
  have 
  to 
  await 
  the 
  completion 
  of 
  Allen 
  Holmberg's 
  

   field 
  study 
  now 
  in 
  progress. 
  

  

  89 
  Nordenskiold, 
  1912a, 
  1931, 
  pp. 
  6-15, 
  74, 
  77-94 
  (cf. 
  same, 
  1926; 
  1930, 
  pp. 
  163-165) 
  ; 
  

   Krickeberg, 
  1934; 
  Loeb, 
  1931, 
  pp. 
  532-533; 
  W. 
  Schmidt, 
  1929, 
  pp. 
  1008-1033; 
  von 
  Horn- 
  

   bostel, 
  1936 
  (cf. 
  Danckert, 
  1937) 
  ; 
  Lowie, 
  1937, 
  pp. 
  194-195 
  ; 
  1940a. 
  pp. 
  421- 
  422 
  ; 
  Metraux, 
  

   1939 
  (cf. 
  Palavecino, 
  1940) 
  ; 
  Luomala, 
  1942. 
  

  

  