﻿FAR 
  EASTERN 
  CIVILIZATIONS 
  — 
  BISHOP 
  467 
  

  

  ous 
  forms 
  of 
  man 
  once 
  existed, 
  but 
  that 
  all 
  save 
  the 
  one 
  found 
  

   today 
  — 
  Homo 
  sapiens 
  — 
  eventually 
  became 
  extinct 
  (Abbot 
  et 
  el., 
  1938, 
  

   passim). 
  

  

  "pekinq 
  man" 
  

  

  About 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  very 
  early 
  human 
  types 
  — 
  whether 
  or 
  n-ot 
  di- 
  

   rectly 
  ancestral 
  to 
  modern 
  man 
  is 
  still 
  disputed 
  — 
  we 
  have 
  been 
  hear- 
  

   ing 
  much 
  of 
  late. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  primitive 
  creature 
  commonly 
  called 
  

   "Peking 
  man" 
  {Sinanthropus 
  pekinensis), 
  which 
  lived 
  around 
  the 
  

   very 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  Pleistocene 
  period, 
  variously 
  estimated 
  at 
  from 
  

   250,000 
  to 
  1,000,000 
  years 
  ago. 
  

  

  MEN 
  OF 
  THE 
  OLD 
  STONE 
  AGE 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  past 
  few 
  years 
  also, 
  traces 
  of 
  men 
  of 
  the 
  Old 
  Stone 
  Age 
  

   or 
  Paleolithic 
  period 
  have 
  come 
  to 
  light 
  in 
  eastern 
  Asia, 
  as, 
  for 
  in- 
  

   stance, 
  in 
  northwestern 
  China 
  proper 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  borders 
  of 
  Mon- 
  

   golia. 
  These 
  people 
  lived 
  much 
  later 
  but 
  still 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  the 
  begin- 
  

   ning 
  of 
  the 
  deposition 
  of 
  the 
  loess, 
  not 
  less 
  than 
  from 
  10,000 
  to 
  

   20,000 
  years 
  ago. 
  From 
  this 
  time 
  onward 
  until 
  late 
  prehistoric 
  times 
  

   there 
  is 
  a 
  great 
  gap 
  in 
  our 
  knowledge 
  of 
  man 
  in 
  eastern 
  Asia. 
  Pos- 
  

   sibly 
  he 
  did 
  not 
  exist 
  there 
  at 
  all 
  then, 
  the 
  climate 
  following 
  the 
  ice 
  

   age 
  being 
  too 
  unfavorable 
  to 
  permit 
  living 
  in 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  globe 
  

   by 
  people 
  still 
  in 
  a 
  food-gathering 
  (as 
  opposed 
  to 
  a 
  food-producing) 
  

   stage 
  of 
  culture. 
  

  

  MORE 
  RECENT 
  RACES 
  

   NEGROID 
  TYPES 
  

  

  In 
  times 
  much 
  less 
  remote 
  from 
  our 
  own 
  but 
  still 
  long 
  before 
  his- 
  

   tory 
  began, 
  southern 
  Asia 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  islands 
  off 
  its 
  coast 
  seem 
  

   to 
  have 
  been 
  inhabited 
  by 
  two 
  dark-skinned 
  races, 
  one 
  of 
  pygmies, 
  

   the 
  other 
  of 
  a 
  taller 
  people, 
  perhaps 
  akin 
  to 
  the 
  Papuans 
  of 
  New 
  

   Guinea 
  or 
  to 
  the 
  aborigines 
  of 
  Australia. 
  3 
  This 
  second 
  race, 
  some 
  

   students 
  have 
  suspected, 
  once 
  extended 
  its 
  influence 
  northward 
  as 
  far 
  

   as 
  Japan, 
  there 
  to 
  contribute 
  to 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  Ainu, 
  still 
  

   found 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  northern 
  islands 
  of 
  that 
  archipelago. 
  

  

  A 
  CATJCASOID 
  TYPE 
  

  

  Somewhat 
  later 
  but 
  still 
  far 
  back 
  in 
  prehistoric 
  times, 
  southeastern 
  

   Asia 
  and 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  East 
  Indian 
  islands 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  over- 
  

   run 
  by 
  a 
  brown-skinned 
  race 
  of 
  Caucasoid 
  type, 
  perhaps 
  distantly 
  

  

  3 
  Of 
  these 
  pygmies, 
  a 
  few 
  scattered 
  remnants 
  still 
  exist, 
  in 
  the 
  Malay 
  Peninsula, 
  the 
  

   Andaman 
  Islands, 
  the 
  Philippines, 
  and 
  elsewhere; 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  mentioned 
  in 
  old 
  Chinese 
  

   records. 
  The 
  larger 
  Negroid 
  race 
  was 
  perhaps 
  best 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  (recently) 
  extinct 
  

   Tasmanians. 
  

  

  