﻿468 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1943 
  

  

  related 
  to 
  the 
  "Mediterraneans" 
  of 
  the 
  west. 
  This 
  type 
  may 
  still 
  be 
  

   seen 
  entering 
  into 
  the 
  composition 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  population 
  of 
  the 
  

   area; 
  thus 
  travelers 
  often 
  mention 
  seeing 
  individuals 
  there 
  with 
  the 
  

   aspect 
  of 
  southern 
  Europeans. 
  

  

  MON-KHMER 
  STOCK 
  

  

  The 
  Mongoloid 
  or 
  yellow-brown 
  variety 
  of 
  man 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  be- 
  

   come 
  specialized 
  somewhere 
  in 
  central 
  Asia 
  and 
  to 
  have 
  spread, 
  

   thence 
  outward, 
  toward 
  the 
  sea. 
  The 
  first 
  traceable 
  members 
  of 
  this 
  

   race 
  in 
  the 
  Far 
  East 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  belonged 
  to 
  the 
  Mon-Khmer 
  

   linguistic 
  stock, 
  still 
  found 
  in 
  many 
  parts 
  of 
  southern 
  Asia. 
  They 
  

   spread 
  (or 
  were 
  driven) 
  southward 
  until 
  they 
  occupied 
  much 
  of 
  

   southern 
  China, 
  Indo-China, 
  parts 
  of 
  India, 
  and 
  apparently 
  some 
  

   of 
  the 
  islands. 
  Physically 
  they 
  are 
  shorter 
  and 
  darker 
  than 
  Mon- 
  

   goloid 
  man 
  in 
  general, 
  possibly 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  very 
  early 
  admix- 
  

   ture 
  with 
  the 
  pygmies 
  already 
  mentioned. 
  

  

  Sino-T'ai 
  stock 
  

  

  Probably 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  later 
  than 
  the 
  Mon-Khmers 
  came 
  the 
  

   speakers 
  of 
  the 
  Sino-T'ai 
  family 
  of 
  languages 
  (to 
  which, 
  re- 
  

   spectively, 
  belong 
  the 
  Chinese 
  and 
  the 
  Siamese). 
  These 
  two 
  groups 
  

   of 
  speech 
  are 
  very 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  each 
  other, 
  and 
  this 
  may 
  account 
  

   in 
  part 
  for 
  the 
  success 
  of 
  the 
  Chinese 
  emigrants 
  to 
  Siam. 
  4 
  

  

  The 
  Chinese 
  ancestral 
  stock 
  spread, 
  at 
  some 
  prehistoric 
  time, 
  over 
  

   northern 
  China 
  (roughly, 
  the 
  Yellow 
  River 
  Basin), 
  while 
  the 
  T'ai 
  

   speakers 
  occupied 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  Yangtze 
  Valley. 
  Southern 
  China 
  and 
  

   Indo-China 
  became 
  more 
  especially 
  the 
  home 
  of 
  the 
  Mon-Khmers. 
  5 
  

  

  Throughout 
  the 
  historical 
  period, 
  various 
  forms 
  of 
  Chinese 
  speech 
  

   have 
  been 
  steadily 
  supplanting 
  both 
  T'ai 
  and 
  Mon-Khmer 
  in 
  south- 
  

   ern 
  China 
  or 
  have 
  driven 
  them 
  into 
  Indo-China. 
  

  

  TIBETO-BURMAN 
  STOCK 
  

  

  Yet 
  another 
  linguistic 
  family, 
  the 
  Tibeto-Burman, 
  is 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  

   Sino-T'ai 
  group, 
  although 
  less 
  closely 
  than 
  are 
  the 
  two 
  branches 
  of 
  the 
  

   latter 
  to 
  each 
  other. 
  As 
  their 
  name 
  indicates, 
  languages 
  of 
  the 
  Tibeto- 
  

   Burman 
  family 
  are 
  today 
  spoken 
  mainly 
  in 
  Tibet 
  and 
  in 
  Burma 
  ; 
  but 
  

   in 
  ancient 
  times 
  they 
  extended 
  over 
  much 
  of 
  northwestern 
  China, 
  and 
  

   remnants 
  of 
  them 
  still 
  exist 
  there. 
  Physically 
  this 
  stock 
  is 
  very 
  

   variable, 
  though 
  essentially 
  Mongoloid 
  in 
  character. 
  

  

  4 
  The 
  Siamese 
  like 
  to 
  call 
  themselves 
  the 
  T'ai 
  (or, 
  less 
  correctly, 
  Thai) 
  ; 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  by 
  

   no 
  means 
  the 
  only 
  people 
  speaking 
  a 
  T'ai 
  language. 
  

  

  6 
  All 
  the 
  groups 
  of 
  whom 
  we 
  are 
  now 
  speaking 
  are 
  today 
  much 
  alike 
  in 
  physical 
  aspect, 
  

   their 
  distinguishing 
  marks 
  being 
  more 
  especially 
  matters 
  of 
  speech, 
  costume, 
  and 
  custom. 
  

   This 
  applies 
  in 
  very 
  large 
  measure 
  also 
  to 
  the 
  Japanese. 
  

  

  