﻿FAR 
  EASTERN 
  CIVILIZATIONS 
  — 
  BISHOP 
  473 
  

  

  The 
  Neolithic 
  period 
  elsewhere 
  in 
  the 
  Far 
  East 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   similar 
  in 
  a 
  general 
  way 
  to 
  the 
  one 
  just 
  discussed, 
  though 
  in 
  most 
  

   places 
  without 
  the 
  burnished 
  pottery. 
  Nowhere 
  were 
  the 
  people 
  yet 
  in 
  

   a 
  pastoral 
  stage, 
  with 
  tending 
  of 
  flocks 
  and 
  herds 
  as 
  their 
  means 
  of 
  

   livelihood. 
  On 
  the 
  contrary, 
  they 
  were 
  planters, 
  though 
  with 
  more 
  

   dependence 
  on 
  hunting 
  and 
  fishing 
  than 
  in 
  northern 
  China. 
  Mon- 
  

   golia, 
  for 
  instance 
  (which 
  today 
  we 
  look 
  on 
  as 
  preeminently 
  a 
  pastoral 
  

   region), 
  seems 
  only 
  to 
  have 
  adopted 
  that 
  type 
  of 
  culture 
  when 
  it 
  

   acquired 
  sheep 
  and 
  cattle 
  (apparently 
  from 
  the 
  west, 
  to 
  judge 
  from 
  

   the 
  skeletal 
  evidence) 
  ; 
  and 
  nomadism 
  proper 
  after 
  obtaining 
  the 
  

   horse, 
  probably 
  not 
  long 
  before 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  millennium 
  

   B. 
  C. 
  The 
  effects 
  of 
  the 
  acquisition 
  by 
  the 
  Mongols 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  

   cultural 
  trait, 
  incidentally, 
  may 
  profitably 
  be 
  compared 
  with 
  those 
  

   that 
  took 
  place 
  among 
  our 
  own 
  Plains 
  Indians 
  when 
  they 
  got 
  the 
  

   horse 
  from 
  the 
  Spaniards. 
  

  

  SOUTHERN 
  CHINESE 
  CULTURE 
  

  

  Southern 
  China, 
  Indo-China, 
  Malaya, 
  and 
  the 
  islands 
  off 
  the 
  

   coast, 
  like 
  the 
  Netherlands 
  East 
  Indies, 
  Borneo, 
  and 
  the 
  Philippines, 
  

   had 
  a 
  somewhat 
  different 
  type 
  of 
  Neolithic 
  culture, 
  characterized 
  by 
  

   pile 
  dwelling 
  (see 
  pi. 
  7, 
  fig. 
  1), 
  long 
  dugout 
  canoes, 
  undecorated 
  pot- 
  

   tery, 
  and 
  in 
  many 
  if 
  not 
  all 
  areas 
  head 
  hunting, 
  tattooing, 
  and 
  ritual 
  

   cannibalism. 
  The 
  peoples 
  of 
  these 
  areas 
  did 
  some 
  planting, 
  more 
  

   especially 
  of 
  leaf 
  and 
  root 
  crops, 
  but 
  also 
  depended 
  greatly 
  on 
  fishing. 
  

  

  This 
  southern 
  culture 
  made 
  its 
  way 
  northward 
  along 
  the 
  coast 
  

   as 
  far 
  as 
  southern 
  Korea 
  and 
  western 
  Japan, 
  where 
  its 
  impress 
  still 
  

   survives. 
  Eventually 
  it 
  reached 
  a 
  northern 
  form 
  of 
  Neolithic 
  cul- 
  

   ture 
  more 
  like 
  the 
  one 
  just 
  described. 
  

  

  CHALCOLITHIC 
  PERIOD 
  

   TRANSITION 
  BETWEEN 
  STONE 
  AND 
  BRONZE 
  AGES 
  

  

  Except 
  in 
  northwestern 
  China, 
  almost 
  nothing 
  is 
  yet 
  known 
  about 
  

   the 
  transition 
  from 
  the 
  Neolithic 
  period 
  to 
  the 
  Bronze 
  Age. 
  In 
  

   Kansu, 
  stone 
  implements 
  remained 
  in 
  use 
  long 
  after 
  copper 
  (or 
  

   bronze?) 
  arrow 
  points 
  and 
  trinkets 
  appeared, 
  as 
  signs 
  of 
  contact 
  with 
  

   metal-using 
  peoples 
  to 
  the 
  west. 
  Burnished 
  (and 
  sometimes 
  

   painted) 
  pottery 
  continued 
  to 
  be 
  made, 
  but 
  was 
  not 
  as 
  fine 
  as 
  before, 
  

   and 
  its 
  designs 
  tended 
  to 
  become 
  naturalistic 
  rather 
  than 
  geometric. 
  

   Villages 
  were 
  now 
  protected 
  by 
  earthern 
  walls, 
  suggesting 
  an 
  increase 
  

   in 
  warfare, 
  perhaps 
  even 
  invasion 
  from 
  without. 
  

  

  In 
  Shansi 
  there 
  has 
  lately 
  come 
  to 
  light 
  still 
  another 
  Chalcolithic 
  

   culture. 
  This 
  had 
  a 
  small 
  amount 
  of 
  true 
  bronze 
  and 
  also 
  a 
  different 
  

   kind 
  of 
  pottery, 
  bearing 
  an 
  impressed 
  spiral 
  design 
  ; 
  and 
  sheep 
  seem 
  

  

  