﻿498 
  

  

  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  194 
  3 
  

  

  copper 
  (perhaps 
  of 
  bronze). 
  Shields, 
  of 
  leather, 
  wood, 
  or 
  wicker, 
  

   were 
  also 
  used 
  (Laufer, 
  1914, 
  passim). 
  The 
  infantry 
  too 
  may 
  have 
  

   carried 
  shields 
  ; 
  but 
  in 
  other 
  respects 
  their 
  costume 
  in 
  war 
  was 
  prob- 
  

   ably 
  simply 
  what 
  they 
  wore 
  in 
  peace. 
  Of 
  their 
  weapons 
  we 
  know 
  

   almost 
  nothing, 
  though 
  in 
  some 
  instances 
  they 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  borne 
  

   dagger-axes. 
  (See 
  fig. 
  16.) 
  

  

  Missile 
  weapons 
  were 
  the 
  bow 
  and 
  arrow 
  and 
  the 
  sling. 
  The 
  for- 
  

   mer 
  was 
  of 
  the 
  compound 
  type, 
  of 
  wood, 
  horn, 
  and 
  sinew, 
  and 
  in 
  

   time 
  became 
  the 
  especially 
  characteristic 
  arm 
  of 
  the 
  steppe 
  nomads 
  ; 
  

   the 
  famous 
  Turkish 
  bow 
  is 
  probably 
  the 
  best-known 
  example. 
  Arrow 
  

  

  \M 
  

  

  Figure 
  16. 
  — 
  Ancient 
  Chinese 
  dagger-axes 
  of 
  bronze. 
  

  

  points 
  were 
  of 
  bronze, 
  often 
  with 
  three 
  edges. 
  Crossbows 
  were 
  

   mainly 
  used 
  from 
  chariots 
  and 
  in 
  defending 
  or 
  attacking 
  fortified 
  

   places. 
  That 
  spears 
  and 
  javelins 
  were 
  ever 
  hurled, 
  there 
  is 
  nothing 
  

   to 
  indicate. 
  

  

  Hand 
  weapons 
  included 
  different 
  kinds 
  of 
  battle-axes, 
  the 
  dag- 
  

   ger-ax 
  especially 
  being 
  often 
  mentioned; 
  and 
  there 
  were 
  different 
  

   types 
  of 
  bronze 
  spears. 
  (See 
  pi. 
  10.) 
  The 
  bronze 
  sword, 
  as 
  already 
  

   noted, 
  appears 
  late 
  in 
  China; 
  and 
  when 
  it 
  does 
  so, 
  it 
  is 
  in 
  an 
  unde- 
  

   veloped 
  Altaic 
  form, 
  perhaps 
  a 
  culture 
  loan 
  from 
  steppe 
  regions. 
  

   (See 
  fig. 
  17.) 
  

  

  Standards 
  were 
  of 
  silk, 
  yaks' 
  tails, 
  and 
  tufts 
  of 
  feathers. 
  Forms 
  

   of 
  these 
  have 
  survived 
  in 
  parts 
  of 
  eastern 
  Asia 
  until 
  very 
  recently. 
  

  

  