﻿INDONESIA 
  — 
  KENNEDY 
  517 
  

  

  includes 
  far 
  more 
  fish 
  than 
  meat. 
  Fishing, 
  indeed, 
  ranks 
  second 
  only 
  

   to 
  agriculture 
  as 
  a 
  source 
  of 
  food. 
  

  

  HOUSES 
  

  

  Nearly 
  all 
  the 
  houses 
  of 
  the 
  Indies 
  peoples 
  are 
  rectangular 
  structures 
  

   of 
  wood 
  or 
  bamboo, 
  with 
  thatched 
  roofs. 
  In 
  most 
  regions 
  they 
  are 
  

   raised 
  up 
  on 
  piles, 
  and 
  this 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  more 
  ancient 
  type 
  of 
  con- 
  

   struction. 
  In 
  Java 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  other 
  places 
  the 
  natives 
  build 
  their 
  

   dwellings 
  directly 
  on 
  the 
  ground, 
  evidently 
  a 
  newer 
  practice. 
  In 
  Bali, 
  

   such 
  buildings 
  have 
  clay 
  walls 
  rather 
  than 
  wood 
  or 
  bamboo, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  

   a 
  unique 
  case. 
  The 
  Indonesian 
  pile 
  houses 
  range 
  in 
  size 
  all 
  the 
  way 
  

   from 
  the 
  small 
  single-family 
  Malay 
  structures 
  to 
  the 
  enormous 
  Borneo 
  

   longhouses, 
  often 
  measuring 
  hundreds 
  of 
  feet 
  in 
  length. 
  There 
  are 
  

   isolated 
  instances 
  of 
  divergent 
  house 
  types, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  simple 
  tempo- 
  

   rary 
  shelters 
  of 
  nomadic 
  tribes, 
  the 
  "beehive" 
  circular 
  dwellings 
  found 
  

   m 
  parts 
  of 
  Timor 
  and 
  Flores 
  and 
  the 
  little 
  island 
  of 
  Engano 
  off 
  Suma- 
  

   tra, 
  the 
  floating 
  raft 
  huts 
  of 
  the 
  Akit 
  of 
  Sumatra, 
  and 
  the 
  round 
  or 
  

   oval 
  roofed 
  houses 
  of 
  the 
  Land 
  Dyak 
  in 
  Borneo, 
  the 
  northern 
  Halma- 
  

   herans, 
  the 
  Savunese, 
  and 
  the 
  northern 
  Niassans. 
  Some 
  of 
  these, 
  par- 
  

   ticularly 
  the 
  "beehive" 
  structures, 
  probably 
  represent 
  very 
  ancient 
  

   types 
  which 
  have 
  now 
  disappeared 
  from 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  archipelago. 
  

   Stone 
  is 
  almost 
  never 
  used 
  for 
  buildings 
  in 
  the 
  Indies, 
  but 
  sculptured 
  

   monuments 
  of 
  impressive 
  size 
  are 
  erected 
  by 
  the 
  Batak 
  of 
  Sumatra, 
  

   the 
  people 
  of 
  Nias 
  off 
  the 
  west 
  Sumatra 
  coast, 
  and 
  the 
  Sumbanese. 
  

   Less 
  pretentious 
  stonework 
  is 
  done 
  in 
  many 
  other 
  regions, 
  and 
  the 
  

   widespread 
  occurrence 
  of 
  old 
  megalithic 
  remains 
  throughout 
  the 
  

   archipelago 
  indicates 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  past 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  stone 
  for 
  nonutilitar- 
  

   ian, 
  probably 
  mostly 
  religious, 
  purposes 
  was 
  much 
  more 
  prevalent 
  than 
  

   it 
  is 
  at 
  present. 
  Under 
  Hindu 
  influence, 
  Indonesian 
  stone 
  workman- 
  

   ship 
  attained 
  its 
  supreme 
  height 
  in 
  medieval 
  Java. 
  The 
  Javanese 
  have 
  

   now 
  lost 
  this 
  art, 
  but 
  it 
  still 
  flourishes 
  in 
  Bali. 
  

  

  HANDICRAFTS 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  many 
  places 
  in 
  Indonesia 
  where 
  the 
  craft 
  of 
  weaving 
  has 
  

   yet 
  to 
  penetrate. 
  There 
  the 
  natives, 
  especially 
  in 
  central 
  Celebes, 
  

   make 
  their 
  clothes 
  of 
  bark 
  cloth, 
  which 
  was 
  once 
  the 
  only 
  dress 
  fabric 
  

   known 
  in 
  the 
  islands, 
  except 
  for 
  matwork 
  and 
  leaf 
  garments. 
  Weav- 
  

   ing 
  arrived 
  relatively 
  late 
  in 
  the 
  Indies 
  and 
  shows 
  two 
  levels 
  of 
  de- 
  

   velopment. 
  The 
  older 
  type 
  of 
  weaving, 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  isolated 
  

   districts, 
  is 
  done 
  on 
  a 
  back-bar 
  loom, 
  which 
  has 
  one 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  frame 
  

   attached 
  to 
  the 
  weaver's 
  body. 
  The 
  more 
  complicated 
  looms 
  have 
  fixed 
  

   frames. 
  Metalworking 
  evidently 
  predated 
  weaving 
  in 
  the 
  archipel- 
  

   ago, 
  and 
  has 
  spread 
  much 
  more 
  widely. 
  Indeed, 
  only 
  the 
  most 
  primi- 
  

  

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