ICE AGES — SIMPSON 



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Asia and America is both narrow and shallow, and no appreciable 

 amount of ice would escape that way. There was always, however, a 

 wide, deep connection between the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic 

 Ocean between Greenland and Norway. Through this passage ice- 

 bergs and thick pack ice would move southward, filling the North 

 Atlantic with ice and lowering the temperature. 



Figure 5 has been drawn to illustrate this. The ice-covered area 

 has been stippled and it will be seen at once that this area is not con- 

 centric with the Pole. The flow of ice on the land is shown by thin 



Figuee 5.— Lines of flow of ice: Thick arrows, floating ice; thin arrows, land ice. 



arrows. Ice flows into the Arctic Ocean from the northern coasts of 

 America and Asia, and moves, as shown by the long thick arrows, 

 into the North Atlantic, where it is replenished by ice from Greenland 

 and Norway, and a stream of ice passing down Davis Straits joins it 

 to the south of Greenland. The whole of the North Atlantic was 

 filled with ice. 



These conditions would have far-reaching effects on the climate of 

 the British Isles and the adjacent parts of Europe. In the first place 

 the Gulf drift would no longer exist, so that instead of the western 



