46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1909. 
galley proofs of sketches of the grammar of the Haida and the Tlingit for 
the Handbook of Indian Languages; assistance rendered Doctor Thomas in 
preparing for publication his bulletin on the languages of Mexico and Central 
America, and work incidental to the preparation for publication of Byington’s 
Choctaw Dictionary (in press). 
Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt, ethnologist, was occupied in the office during the entire 
year. For a large portion of the time he was engaged in amending and 
transcribing the Onondaga text which, with a long supplement, is to form 
Part II of his Iroquoian Cosmology, and in supplying an interlinear rendering 
and a free translation of the text. From his researches in connection with the 
preparation of articles for the Handbook of the American Indians he arrived 
at facts which greatly modify hitherto accepted views regarding the location 
and interrelations of the tribes around lakes Huron and Michigan. In this 
connection he pursued extended studies of the early history of the Potawatomi, 
Mascoutens, Kickapoo, Sauk, Foxes, Miami, and the “ Nation de la Fourche,” 
or ‘Tribe of the Fork,” in an effort to identify these tribes with those known 
to the early Hurons by names which occur in the writings of Champlain, 
Sagard, and the Jesuit Fathers. The expulsion of the Potawatomi, Sauk, 
Foxes, and the Tribe of the Fork from their earliest known habitat in Michigan 
by the Neutrals and their Ottawa allies—not by the Iroquois, as commonly 
asserted—was determined, and the most probable course of their retreat fixed. 
Similar research was conducted among early records to determine as far as 
possible the identity of the tribes whose names are recorded on the Dutch 
“Carte Figurative” of 1614, which represents them as living along the middle 
and upper Susquehanna River and its western affluents. As these names were 
erroneously identified as Spanish in origin, and as such adopted without ques- 
tion, much confusion and many inaccuracies have arisen in recent historical 
works. 
Mr. Hewitt continued the collection and elaboration of linguistic data for the 
sketch of Iroquois grammar as exemplified in the Onondaga and the Mohawk, 
with parallel illustrative examples from the Seneca, Cayuga, and Tuscarora. 
He also partially rewrote the articles “Seneca” and “Sauk” for the Hand- 
book of American Indians, and endeavored, so far as was feasible, to incorporate 
in the remaining galley proofs of this work the results of his later researches. 
Mr. Hewitt was also called on to prepare data of an ethnologic nature for 
official correspondence. 
At the beginning of the year Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, ethnologist, was in the 
field, having just completed the excavation and repair of the cliff ruin known 
as the “ Spruce-tree House,” in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. Before 
the close of July he returned to Washington and commenced the preparation of 
a report on this work, and undertook to complete the reports of unfinished 
researches of previous years. During his stay in Washington his services were 
enlisted in the building of a number of large models of the ruins for the Alaska- 
Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle and in supervising the painting of pano- 
ramic views of the Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde National Park for the same 
purpose. 
In June Doctor Fewkes again took up his work among the Mesa Verde ruins, 
and by the close of the year had made excellent progress in uncovering and 
reenforcing the crumbling walls of Cliff Palace, the greatest of the ancient 
ruins of its kind in the arid country. 
The funds for the actual work of excavation and repair of these ruins were 
furnished by the Department of the Interior, which has control of the park. 
Being the essential feature of the park, it is most fortunate that these impor- 
tant and interesting ruins are now receiving adequate care and protection, 
