84 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1909. 
The groups and other objects showing the life and habits of the Philippine 
Islanders formed a most attractive exhibit. Among these was a family group 
of the Negritos of Zambales, a small, black people inhabiting several isolated 
places in various islands of the Philippines. Their houses are nothing but 
rude shelters, and are scattered throughout the country. There was also ex- 
hibited a typical collection of specimens showing the arts and industries of this 
tribe. 
The Igorot of Bontoe were represented by a family group of four figures. 
This people is of Malayan stock and pursue agriculture and other peaceful 
vocations. Until quite recently, in contrast to their pacific dispositions, they 
were addicted to the barbarous practice of head-hunting. Their arts were 
represented by a number of objects, including articles of personal adornment 
and carved wooden figures. 
The arts and industries of the Moro and Bagobo tribes of Mindanao were 
shown by specimens of baskets, shellwork, ornaments, metal work, and 
costumes. 
The Tagal, the most progressive of the native tribes, having been in contact 
with Spanish civilization for several centuries, were represented by articles 
of pottery, cups, bowls, cloth, costumes, arms, and a lay figure of a weaver 
at work. 
The general history of the Philippine Islands at the close of the war with 
Spain was portrayed by a series of photographs of the natives, family life, 
occupations, dwellings, churches, and of historic scenes. 
The exhibit illustrating the history of the Hawaiians comprised a model of 
a village of the early Hawaiians, who formerly lived in grass-thatched houses, 
grouped into villages, constituting the home of a clan, presided over by a chief 
and a priest. The exhibit also included a large series comprising several hun- 
dred ethnological objects collected by Mr. N. B. Emerson, and of photographs 
representing buildings, ancient and modern, and various data illustrative of 
ehurch, settlement, and school work. 
The Samoans, who are a robust and active people, living in comfortable 
palm-roofed houses, were represented by a family group. Oil painting of a 
Samoan man and woman and photographs of native houses formed a part of 
the exhibit, as well as a number of objects connected with their social life. 
The Guam and Marianne Islands exhibit embraced photographs of some 
of the natives and their houses. 
The evolution and history of photography was well illustrated by a collection 
prepared by Mr. Thomas W. Smillie, beginning with the earliest permanent 
photographs, and including examples of nearly all of the most important dis- 
coveries and inventions up to the present time. Many of the specimens were 
made by the inventors of the processes and others in the Museum laboratory. 
The collections of color photographs are especially fine, beginning with the 
tinting and then an elaborate coloring of the photograph by hand, and the 
patented processes for transferring the film to a colored base, which finally 
led to the almost perfect photographs in color, as made by Ives, Wood, Lippman, 
Miley, and the autochromes made in our own laboratory. 
The history of medicine, prepared by Dr. ¥. M. Flint, consisted mainly of 
photographs and biographical sketches of noted doctors, beginning with the 
Physician who accompanied Capt. John Smith to America and covering the 
twentieth century up to and including experiments conducted by Major Reed 
for the prevention of yellow fever in Cuba in 1891. 
These exhibtis by the Institution and the Museum were prepared by the 
representative, with the assistance of Mr. W. H. Holmes, of the Bureau of 
American Ethnolgoy; Dr. Walter Hough, acting head curator of anthropology; 
