90 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1909. 
The committee on organization was prompt in the preparation of the pro- 
gramme of meetings, and the press of the city was most generous and helpful 
in its treatment of the congress. The sectional meetings, which continued dur- 
ing eight days, were held separately under the following heads: 
1. Mathematics, pure and applied. 
. Physical and chemical sciences. 
Natural sciences—biology, paleontology, geology, anthropology, ete. 
. Engineering. 
. Medicine and hygiene. 
. Jurisprudence. 
Social sciences. 
. Pedagogie sciences. 
. Agriculture and zootechny. 
The programme was followed, with necessary modifications from day to day. 
The majority of the papers were read in full or in extended abstracts, and dis- 
cussion was free and often spirited. Naturally, popular interest centered largely 
about the sections dealing with practical problems, as education, sanitation, 
social science, and engineering; but the more abstract sciences were not neglected. 
Owing to the great range of the work of the congress and the multiplicity of 
papers presented in the various sections, no attempt can be made in this place 
to present the work and results in detail. The list of papers presented by mem- 
bers of the American delegation and forwarded by the other contributors from 
the United States is as follows: @ 
Astronomical Problems of the Southern Hemisphere. By H. D. Curtis. 
The Electronic Theory of Matter. By W. B. Smith. 
Recent Progress in Spectroscopy. By A. A. Michelson. 
Statistics of the Use of Nitrate of Soda in the United States. By Charles 
EK. Munroe. 
The Economy of Fuels. By William Kent. 
Recent Studies in Experimental Evolution. By Thomas Barbour. 
Notes on the Origin of the North American Prairies. By C. H. Hall. 
Origin of the Minnesota Iron Ores. By C. H. Hall. 
The Peopling of America. By W. H. Holmes. 
The Newer Geological Views Regarding Subterranean Waters. By James F. 
Kemp. 
The Mineral Wealth of America. By W. R. Ingalls and R. W. Raymond. 
The Shaler Memorial Expedition. By J. B. Woodworth. 
The Application of Electricity to Railways. By Frank J. Sprague. 
Sanitation in the Tropics with Relation to Malaria and Yellow Fever. By 
W. C. Gorgas. $ 
Frequency and Prevention of Yellow Fever. By C. J. Finlay. 
Notes on the Sanitation of Yellow Fever and Malaria from Isthmian HWxpe- 
rience. By H. R. Carter. 
Plagues: Methods of Control. By J. C. Perry. 
America in the Pacific. By A. C. Coolidge. 
9 
ONMNADUA WD 
possess a significance far deeper than the personal satisfaction they imply. This 
visit can not help but enlarge our mental horizon, broaden our scientific: activ- 
ity, and strengthen the influence of our university instruction. We congratu- 
late ourselves on the privilege of being present, and desire also to express our 
appreciation of the great service performed by this Republic in giving such vig- 
orous impulse to the spirit of scientific solidarity. 
@7This list is in part a translation from the Spanish, and may be somewhat 
imperfect. 
