CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES—DOUGLAS. 819 
by some good results. For instance, the Mountain Copper Company, 
having been driven out of Shasta County, California, by the farmers, 
has erected chemical works as an annex to its smelter at Martinez, on 
San Francisco Bay. Here, as elsewhere, manufacturers are reluctant 
to go to the heavy expense involved in abating such nuisances, even 
though they may know that in the end the abatement will be profit- 
able. As far back as 1881 Mr. Vivian admitted that in recovering 
47 per cent of all the sulphurous acid emitted from his furnaces in 
Swansea he condensed 3,666 tons of oil of vitriol at a great profit. 
This valuable asset, though he does not so state, was secured in spite 
of bitter opposition on the part of those who were ultimately the 
most benefited by it. One looks with wonderment at the clouds of 
valuable fumes which float from the New Jersey shore over Staten 
Island to the sea, instead of flowing inland as acid to the chemical 
manufacturers in the neighborhood. 
Our industrial development, however, has reached such a state of 
advancement, especially in the densely populated portion of the 
country, that however averse some of us may be to expend a large 
share of our profits in improvements, designed primarily to relieve 
the public of nuisances, we must submit whether we will or not. 
And having obeyed the mandate of the law, not many years will 
elapse before we come to realize that what we do under compulsion 
is as much for our own good as for that of our neighbor. 
T promised, however, to confine myself in my remarks to matters of 
experience. I have been identified with the copper interests of the 
Southwest since 1881. Though the Southern Pacific Railroad had 
only just traversed the territory, mining was immediately stimulated 
by railroad transportation, and the Copper Queen Company, at Bis- 
bee, the Old Dominion Copper Company, at Globe, and the Lezinskys 
(the predecessors of the Arizona Copper Company), as well as the 
Detroit Copper Company, were actively at work at Clifton. All 
three of the most productive districts, therefore, of southern Arizona 
were being explored, and, through the influence of the railroad, vigor- 
ously exploited at that time. But none of them were situated on the 
main line, or were linked to the transcontinental road by branches. 
The Copper Queen was 60 miles from its nearest railroad station, 
Benson; the Old Dominion was 140 miles from either Wilcox or 
Bowie; and the mines of the Arizona Copper Company and the 
Detroit Copper Company were 80 miles from Lordsburg. Coke 
and supplies had to be hauled in and copper teamed out those long 
distances. 
The ores in all three camps were thoroughly oxidized. At the 
time this was supposed to be a condition of the highest advantage, 
upon which the only possibility of economical treatment depended; 
and not without good grounds, for the tedious methods of treating 
