GAUDRY AND EVOLUTION—GLANGEAUD. 429 
remains in the Pampean strata side by side with the descendants of the 
Tertiary animals of Patagonia, are too distinct to be transformations. There 
is no doubt that they emigrated from North America. The faunas formed on 
the soil of Patagonia were not influenced by the new arrivals. Rather than 
become modified many of the species died out, showing to the end the separa- 
tion of the southern world from the northern world. 
Analogous conditions existed in Australia, where the mammals have 
scarcely passed the stages of our Hocene genera. 
Thus, the surface of the earth is divided into two portions, the Northern 
Hemisphere where the progress has been continuous to our day, and where 
life is manifested in all its magnificence; and the Antarctic regions where the 
animal kingdom has suffered an arrest of development. Why? We do not 
know yet. This is a new problem which confronts students of the evolution 
of organisms, but it is not necessary that two centers of creation should be 
recognized, one in the Northern Hemisphere and the other in the Southern 
Hemisphere. 
Gaudry died at the age of 81, after having passed the last years 
of his life in the study of Antarctic forms. He left a posthumous 
memoir, a very remarkable one, on Pyrotherium, one of the most 
curious creatures of the southern world, a work which will soon 
appear, and will be, as it were, a last homage rendered to his 
memory. 
In the foregoing pages I have only skimmed over the work of 
Gaudry, but sufficiently to show its variety and greatness. It is due 
to him and his contemporaries and his followers, Cope, Marsh, 
Osborn, Leidy, Scott, and Ameghino in America; Fowler, Seely, 
Woodward, and Lydekker in England; Neumayr, Zittel, and Riiti- 
meyer in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland; Douvillé, Boule, and 
Depéret in France, etc., that the evolution of the ancient world has 
been definitely and solidly established. 
But it is necessary to remember that Gaudry was the precursor. 
By the depth of the problems which he studied, by the influences 
which he exerted, and by his theoretical conceptions, Albert Gaudry 
stands with Lamarck. But he is also, in virtue of his remarkable 
observations, the Darwin of the vanished faunas, and his name should 
shine side by side with the names of these illustrious scholars. 
