484 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1909. 
If we compare once more the facts of histological synchromatism 
of Hippolyte with the facts of accidental or instinctive synchro- 
matism of Maja, we shall see that the essentials of the two phenomena 
are identical, and that they consist in a chromo-kinetic resonance in 
response to the luminous agents of the environment. 
This resonance, by the medium of the retino-neural channel, is 
manifested in Hippolyte by the kinetic phenomena of the chromato- 
phores, while, in the JJ/aja, it is interpreted by the chromo-kinetic 
phenomena of the entire animal, that is to say, by the chromotropic 
movements which necessarily determine the corresponding conceal- 
ment. 
This is all that I have to say in regard to the experimental analysis 
of the instinct which leads the Brachyura Oxyrhyncha to disguise 
themselves. There remains only to recapitulate the results. 
X. GENERAL CONCLUSION: THE PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM OF 
THE INSTINCT OF SELF-CONCEALMENT IN ITS ENSEMBLE. 
I feel obliged to speak only of physiological determinism, exclu- 
sive of any psychological tendency. The reason is, that it is abso- 
lutely impossible for us to know anything whatever respecting the 
psychic state of the lower animals, to which one can not even apply 
reasoning by analogy with our introspective states. Thus, the ques- 
tion of “ choice,” either conscious and voluntary, or determined by 
“sensations ” of color, sensations “ agreeable” in certain conditions 
and “ disagreeable ” in others, this question may be very interesting, 
but it does not exist for us as a scientific question; all the more as 
everything takes place with our animals as if psychic states did not 
exist, these states having no influence over the course of the instinct- 
ive reactions that we have just described and analyzed. 
Now, neither from the gnoseological point of view, nor from the 
methodological * point of view, have we committed an error in limit- 
ing ourselves in this study to the objective method: Physiological 
(experimental) and biological (comparative). 
Here is the general result: 
The instinct of the d/aja in all its curious complexity is composed 
of two parts, the second of which, the one which constitutes the fun- 
damental part of instinct, can be separated and studied by itselt. 
This simplification of instinct is shown in the case of the resection 
of the cerebral mass containing the photo-receptive ganglia or of 
the removal of the peripheral organs of photo-reception. 
*The fundamental statement of my gnoseological and methodological concep- 
tions in zoopsychology will be found in the first part of my complete work in 
the Revue Polonaise de Philosophie (Przeglad filozoficzny), vol. 10, fase. 8, 
Warsaw, 1907, 
