PROTECTIVE RESEMBLANCE—HAAGNER. 499 
female on its eggs on the ground, a reproduction of which is given 
herewith. The bird is nearly in the center of the picture (pl. 2). 
I also show a photograph of a young nightjar on the ground among 
the forest débris; the resemblance even here is extraordinary (pl. 1, 
eee.) 
Families Prcipa: and CAPITONID®. 
Among the woodpeckers and barbets—birds all more or less of a 
coloration which, although often conspicuous enough in the open, 
lends itself decidedly to the reverse among the twigs and branches 
of its home—I have found the cardinal woodpecker (Dendropicus 
cardinalis) when clinging to a tree trunk to be almost invisible. This 
is still more marked in regard to the South African wryneck (/yna 
ruficollis), whose mottled brown and gray plumage so closely assimi- 
lates to the colors of the tree trunks on which the birds feed. This is 
also true of the pied barbet (77icholema leucomelas), but to a less 
extent, as this bird has more white in its plumage. 
Family MusoPpHAGIDA., 
These birds, all more or less of a green tint and denizens of thick 
forests, are bound to be protectively colored. Writing of the knysna 
lourie (Z’uracus corythaix), Mrs. Barber, that excellent lady natural- 
ist, says: “ The favorite food of that superbly arrayed bird, the lory, 
are the berries of the wild vine. Like the plumage of the lory, the 
foliage of this climber varies considerably in its shades of green, and 
the berries alter in color as they ripen, from light red to crimson, and 
ultimately to almost a black color, while the twining stems of the 
plant are of a pale gray or white. These colors being the same as the 
lory, blend and harmonize with them admirably, rendering the bird 
protection from her foes. This climber, with its long twining 
branches, covers large patches of the forest ; it is seldom without fruit, 
and forms the favorite haunt of the lory; it is there they may be 
found if you seek diligently, but they are by no means conspicuous, 
hidden among its sheltering leaves.” This I can fully substantiate 
by my own experience of these birds during the month of January, 
1907. 
Order Srrices. . 
Families Stricgip# and BuBoNID&. 
The reasons for an owl requiring protective coloration are obvious 
to anyone conversant with the habits of the members of this order, 
and need not be detailed here. Probably every species of the Striges 
is more or less endowed with this provision of nature, at least every- 
thing seems to point that way. The birds are lighter or darker in 
coloration as their place of abode may require, even to the extent, as 
