ENGLISH NAMES OF AMERICAN BIRDS—TROTTER. aT 
appears as such in Latham and Pennant, “ poll” or “ pole” being an 
early name for “ head ” as in our “ poll tax.” The “ yellow-throated 
warbler” (D. dominica) was “the yellow-throated creeper” of 
Catesby (I, 61). The “ blue-winged yellow warbler” (Helmintho- 
phila pinus) was formerly confused with the “ pine creeper” of 
Catesby (D. vigorsii), hence pinus as applied to this species of Hel- 
minthophila. Its vernacular is a clear translation by Wilson of Bar- 
tram’s “ Parus aureus alis ceruleis, blue-winged yellow bird.” In 
like manner ZZ. chrysoptera was the “ Parus alis awreus ” of Bartram, 
the “ golden-winged flycatcher ” of Edwards (from Bartram), and 
the “ golden-winged warbler ” of Wilson and later authors. Wilson 
first bestowed the names “ bay-breasted ” and “ chestnut-sided ” upon 
D. castanea and D. pensylvanica. The former was Bartram’s “ little 
chocolate breast titmouse” (Travels, 292) and the latter his “ golden 
crown flycatcher.” This last species, also, was the “ red-throated 
flycatcher ” of Edwards and the “ bloody-side warbler ” of Turton 
as a result of Edwards’s badly colored plate. D. virens was the 
“oreen black-throated flycatcher” of Bartram and the “ black- 
throated green flycatcher” of Edwards (Glean., VI, pl. 300, from 
Bartram). The “hooded warbler” (Sylvania mitrata) is figured 
by Catesby under the name of “ the hooded titmouse ” (I, 60). 
“ Black-cap titmouse” is Bartram’s name for the species (Parus 
atricapillus) and probably also its near relative P. carolinensis. 
The “olive-backed thrush” was first so-called by Giraud (Birds of 
Long Island, 1844, 92). 7. fuscescens was called “tawny thrush” 
by Wilson. “ Bluebird” is an early name. ‘The species is figured 
by Catesby (I, 47) as “the blew-bird.” Pennant called it the “ blue- 
backed red-breast” (Arct. Zool., II, 91). Lantus ludovicianus was 
called the “logger head shrike” or “loggerhead” by Wilson, as its 
common name in the South. 
Most of our species of woodpeckers early received their names 
from color markings or other external feature, as “ red-headed,” 
“ vellow-bellied,” “ golden-winged,” “ pileated,” “downy,” “hairy,” 
“ ivory-billed,” ete. The word “ flicker,” as a vernacular of Colaptes 
auratus, probably originated from the bird’s call notes. It is re- 
ferred to by Wilson. 
VI. NAMES SUGGESTED BY LOCALITY (PLACE-NAMES) OR IN HONOR OF 
SOME PERSON. 
A curious misapprehension as to the significance of the current 
English name of Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna seems to 
exist in ornithological literature as revealed by its orthography. 
Wilson distinctly refers to the city of Savannah as the locality where 
he states he first discovered the species (A. O., III, 55) and he so 
spells its name in the English title. Its specific name, however, 
