ANTIQUITY OF MAN IN EUROPE—MACCURDY. 537 
Commont has recently made two important discoveries: (1) A 
very productive station at rue Cagny, and (2) an ancient paleolithic 
workshop at the base of the Tellier gravel-pit. In 1906 an excava- 
tion for a factory site was made near the first pits that produced so 
many Chellean and Acheulian implements for the early explorers. 
It covered an area of 30 by 55 meters. Here Commont found in 
three months’ time 540 implements of the Chellean and Acheulian 
types and 500 various objects, such as flakes, nuclei, and small imple- 
ments, made from chips. It is indeed rare that so many specimens 
have been found in valley deposits covering such a small area. 
In the workshop near the base of the Tellier gravel-pit, Commont 
found (1) many flint nodules prepared for chipping (débitage) and 
showing traces of the beginning of chipping, (2) a quantity of 
flint cores (nuclei) of all dimensions, (3) hammerstones of various 
forms, for the most part only slightly used, (4) 5,000 flint chips, 
(5) large flakes prepared for the production of special types of 
implements, (6) small implements derived from the large flakes, 
and (7) large implements of various forms, some only partly finished 
or broken in the process of manufacture. The patina of the flints 
of this workshop is a white mat, different from that of the Acheulian 
above. At the top of the same deposit that covered the workshop, 
Commont found a series of implements without patina, made of 
black (flint) or grey flint, that looked as fresh as if they had been 
made yesterday. The fauna of this deposit includes Hlephas antiquus, 
large horse, Bos. 
Section of the Tellier quarry: (1) Lower sands and gravels, rude 
industry, eolithic and Strépyan facies; (2) red sands, paleolithic 
workshop showing transition from Chellean to Acheulian I; (3) 
upper part of limon rouge (red clay), Acheulian II with white patina ; 
(4) thin layer of white sands (base of ergeron) replacing the usual 
flinty layer (cailloutis), Mousterian industry, and small Acheulian 
implements with bluish patina; (5) lower part of brick earth, Mag- 
dalenian industry; (6) at the top of the brick earth, neolithic. 
The deposits of the Tellier pit are 10 meters thick, their base 
being about 44 meters above sea level. The section is the most 
complete and instructive one at Saint-Acheul, especially in respect 
to the upper layers, in these even surpassing the famous section at 
the exploitation Helin, near Spiennes, Belgium. In fact, each sec- 
tion not only confirms, but also supplements the story told by the 
other. In each, all the Quaternary epochs except the Brabantian are 
represented. A section of one will suffice therefore for both. I have 
chosen for illustration (fig. 3) the exploitation Helin explored by 
Rutot in 1902. In the Helin section the lower Quaternary is repre- 
sented by two distinct eolithic horizons—the Mafflean and Mesvinian. 
Above these come the paleolithic horizons in regular order— 
