540 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1909. 
Pape (Landes). The hair is kinky (negroid), the face left un- 
chiseled. The arms are much reduced, the lower arms and hands 
being represented only in slight relief. The knees are well formed, 
but below the knees the legs are much shortened, although provided 
with calves. The entire figurine is proof that the artist was a master 
at representing the human form and that here he intended to empha- 
size those parts most closely associated with fecundity. The only 
suggestion of apparel or ornament is a bracelet on each wrist. The 
fauna of this horizon includes the mammoth, horse, reindeer, stag, 
and fox. All nine layers are Aurignacian, with a transition to Solu- 
tréan at the top. It was my good fortune to be in Vienna the week 
the Venus of Willendorf arrived, and, after the museum staff, to be 
the first archeologist to examine the specimen. 
In addition to the Venus of Brassempouy (pl. 2, fig. 6), the Piette 
collection includes other female figurines in the same style and from 
a corresponding horizon. One of these, also from the grotte du Pape, 
is said to have served as a poinard handle (pl. 3, fig. a). The 
blade formed by the prolongation of the back is broken. Presumably 
the figure never had been supphed with head and arms. Another 
example, found in the cavern of Mas-d’Azil (Ariége), is a female 
bust carved from the incisor of a horse (pl. 3, fig. b). This piece 
is of special importance because of the chiseling of the features, which 
were lacking in the headless specimens from Brassempouy and also 
are not differentiated in the Venus of Willendorf. Piette would place 
in this or an intermediate group the bas relief from Laugerie-Basse, 
carved on a reindeer palm and representing a human female near the 
feet of a reindeer (pl. 2, fig. ¢). The skin being almost completely 
hidden beneath a hairy coating indicated by incised lines, there was 
no need of apparel. Ornaments, however, are not lacking. Besides 
bracelets recalling those worn by the Venus of Willendorf, there is a 
necklace. Curiously enough, in the same Aurignacian layer at Bras- 
sempouy that furnished the adipose type with pendent breasts were 
found figurines belonging to a distinetly different class, representing 
a slender, probably superior race. The best single example of this 
class is the femme & la capuche (pl. 4). The long slender neck calls 
for a body and legs to match, and these are seen in other figures from 
the same horizon. 
The discovery by Prof. Otto Schoetensack of a human lower jaw in 
the lower Quaternary sands at Mauer, near Heidelberg, rightly comes 
in the category of valley deposit finds. We have chosen, however, to 
reserve it for the general discussion of human remains. 
A combination of the three stations—Helin, Saint-Acheul and 
Willendorf—not only gives us every paleolithic horizon, the transi- 
tional Tourassian or Asylian alone excepted, in stratigraphic position, 
but also determines their position with respect to the eolithic below 
