ANTIQUITY OF MAN IN EUROPE—MACCURDY. 549 
vary in size from 1.50 to 2.50 meters and represent the bison, wild 
boar, deer, horse, etc. Since Altamira,a dozen other caverns with dec- 
orated walls have been found in the Province of Santander: El Haza 
and Covalanas near Rameles, region of Rio Asén (paintings) ; Sotar- 
riza, Cueva negra (paintings) and Venta de la Perra (engravings), 
all three at Molinar de Caranza, Rio Asé6n; Salitre at Ajanedo, 
environs of Santander with Aurignacian and Magdalenian paint- 
ings; Castillo, at Puente-Viesgo (paintings and engravings), El 
Pendo, near Escobedo (engravings) and Santien, at Puente-Arce 
(paintings), all in the region of Rio Pas; Hornos de la Pefia, at 
San Felices de Buelna (paintings and engravings), Clotilde, at 
Santa Isabel (engravings) and Meaza, at Comillas (paintings), in 
the environs of Torrelavega. In addition to these, the able com- 
mittee so generously supported by the Prince of Monaco located 
some fifteen caverns, in which no frescoes and wall engravings were 
found, and four paleolithic stations other than caverns. 
In 1903, Juan Cabré noticed for the first time animal figures 
painted on walls of a rock-shelter at Cretas, south of Calaceite, 
called Roca del Moro. In, 1906, after having heard of the publica- 
tion of Alcalde del Rio on the caverns of Santander, he called the 
attention of archeologists to the figures he had seen three years 
previously. Breuil® heard of the place through a publication of 
Santiago Vidiella,’ and visited it in 1908 for the purpose of study. 
The grotto is 10 meters long by 2.5 meters wide. The floor deposits 
are barren, but on the slope there are flint flakes of the Magdalenian 
type and no trace of the neolithic. On the protected wall of the rock 
shelter were found the handsome frescoes which have been removed to 
prevent their being destroyed by curious visitors. The removal was 
successfully made in spite of the hardness of the rock. 
The painted frieze comprised three deer, a bull, and a small crea- 
ture undetermined. All are in dark red, the color having penetrated 
well into the rock. The figures of the deer were outlined by delicate 
engraving. One of these is represented as in the act of rising (se 
levant de son gite), the attitude being full of grace and natural ele- 
gance (pl. 6, fig. a). In this figure and all those of the deer at Cretas 
there is a curious disposition of the antlers. The upper parts are 
represented as seen from the front, while the lower parts are im pro- 
file. This is also true of figures of the deer at Cogul, Lérida (Cata- 
lonia), and in France among the drawings of the reindeer in the 
cavern of Portel /Ariége). 
¢V/Abbé H. Breuil et Juan Cabré Aguila. Les peintures rupestres du bassin 
inférieur de ’Ebre. L’anthr., vol. 20, 1, 1909. I. Les rochers peints de Cala- 
pata a Cretas (Bas Aragon). 
® Boletin de hist. y geogr, del Bajo Aragon, mars-avril, 1907. 
