ANTIQUITY OF MAN IN EUROPE—MACCURDY. 573 
and Rhinoceros etruscus, suggest for it a place at least as far back as 
the lower Quaternary. But the industry of the lower Quaternary 
is eolithic, the evolution of the Chellean type not taking place until 
the middle Quaternary. One would expect to find Mafflean indus- 
try in the horizon of Homo heidelbergensis and this, according to the 
latest report, is what Professor Schoetensack has succeeded in doing. 
During the summer of 1908, Herr O. Hauser found part of a 
human skeleton, including the skull, in the classic station of Le 
Moustier itself. This station, belonging to a wonderful series of 
paleolithic sites in the valley of Vézére, France, has been known 
since the explorations of Lartet and Christy, 1863-1865. Hauser 
very wisely delayed the removal of the human remains from the 
cavern of Le Moustier until after the arrival of a party of German 
anthropologists, including Professor Klaatsch, of Breslau, the party 
going direct from the German Anthropological Congress held at 
Frankfurt during the first week in August. 
Hauser’s discovery was made in the lower cave at Le Moustier, 
and includes not only an almost complete skull (pl. 14, figs. a, 6) 
but also various parts of the skeleton of a youth of about 15 years. 
At this age, sex can not be determined from the bones alone. The 
race characters also are not so distinct as they would be at full 
maturity; but they point unmistakably to the type of Neandertal, 
Spy, and Krapina—the so-called Homo primigenius which now also 
becomes Homo mousteriensis. It was a rather stocky type, robust 
and of a low stature. The arms and legs were relatively short, 
especially the forearm and from the knee down, as is the case among 
the Eskimo. Ape-lke characters are noticeable in the curvature 
of the radius and of the femur, the latter being also rounder in 
section than is the case with Homo sapiens. In the retreating fore- 
head, prominent brow ridges, and prognathism it is approached to 
some extent by the modern Australian. The industry associated with 
this skeleton from Le Moustier is that typical of the Mousterian 
epoch. 
A discovery of paleolithic human remains was made on August 
3, 1908, by the Abbés J. and A. Bouyssonie and L. Bardon, assisted by 
Paul Bouyssonie, a younger brother of the first two. It is in many 
respects one of the most satisfactory, particularly on account of the 
pieces being so nearly complete. The locality is the village of La 
Chapelle-aux-Saints, 22 kilometers south of Brive, in the department 
of Corréze, which forms a part of one of France’s celebrated cavern 
belts, including Dordogne, Charente, and Gironde to the west. 
The discovery at La Chapelle-aux-Saints was made in a cavern a 
short distance from the entrance. It includes not only human bones; 
but also stone implements and the remains of the reindeer, Bison, 
Equus, Capra ibex, Rhinocerous tichorhinus, fox, bird. 
