574 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1909. 
That this may have been a burial is suggested by the disposition 
of the human remains which seemed to lie in a rectangular pit sunk 
to a depth of 30 centimeters in the floor of the cavern. They were 
covered by a deposit intact 30 to 40 centimeters thick, consisting 
of a magma of bone, of stone implements, and of clay. The stone 
implements belong to a pure Mousterian industry. While some 
pieces suggest a vague survival of the Acheulian implement, others 
presage the coming of the Aurignacian. Directly over the human 
skull were the foot bones, still in connection, of a bison—proof that 
the piece had been placed there with the flesh on, and proof, too, that 
the deposit had not been disturbed. Two hearths were noted also, 
and the fact that there were no implements of bone, the industry 
differing in this respect from that at La Quina and Petit-Puymoyen 
(Charente), as well as at Wildkirchli, Switzerland. 
The human bones include the cranium and lower jaw (broken, 
but the pieces nearly all present and easily replaced in exact posi- 
tion), a few vertebre and long-bones, several ribs, phalanges and 
metacarpals, clavicle, astragalus, caleaneum, parts of the scaphoid, 
ilium, and sacrum. The ensemble denotes an individual of the 
male sex, whose height was about 1.60 meters. The condition of the 
sutures and of the jaws prove the skull to be that of an old man. 
The cranium is dolichocephalic, with an index of 75. It is said to be 
flatter in the frontal and occipital regions than those of Neanderthal 
and Spy. 
Beyond the loss of teeth, due evidently to old age, the skull is 
so nearly intact as to make possible the application of the usual 
craniometric procedure, thus leading to a more exact comparative 
study than has been possible, for example, in all previously discov- 
ered paleolithic human skulls dating from the same period, not ex- 
cepting even Spy and Homo mousteriensis. This is particularly true 
of the basi-occipital region, the upper jaw, and the face-bones (pl. 15). 
Weare thus enabled to supplement our knowledge of Mousterion crani- 
ometry at several points and to correct it at others. This is the first 
case, for example, in which the foramen magnum has been preserved 
in human crania of the Mousterian type. It is found to be elongated, 
and is situated farther back than in modern inferior races. The 
character of the inion and its relation to the cranial base is revealed 
for the first time. There is no external occipital protuberance, but 
the linea nuche superior (torus occipitalis transversus) is well 
marked. The character of the surface in the nuchal region indicates 
that the muscles here were highly developed. The palate is relatively 
long, the sides of the alveolar arch being nearly parallel; that is to 
say, the palate is hypsiloid—one of the two characteristic simian 
forms. Boule also notes the absence of the fossa canina. The nose, 
separated from the prominent glabella by a pronounced depression, 
