EUROPEANS IN UNITED STATES—RIPLEY. 597 
and Oriental people heap up in the great cities; and with the exception 
of Chicago, seldom penetrate far inland. Literally four-fifths of all 
our foreign-born citizens now abide in the twelve principal cities 
of the country, and these are mainly in the East. We thought it a 
menace that in 1890, 40 per cent of our immigrants were to be found 
in the North Atlantic States; but in the decade to 1900 four-fifths of 
the newcomers settled there; the result being that in the latter year 
not 40 but actually 80 per cent of the foreign born of the United 
States resided in this already densely populated area. Four-fifths 
of the foreign born of New York State and two-thirds of those in 
Illinois are now packed into the large towns. To be sure this phe- 
nomenon of urban congestion is not confined to the foreigner. With- 
in a 19-mile radius of the city hall in New York dwells 51 per cent 
of the population of the great State of New York, together with 58 
per cent of the population of the adjoining State of New Jersey. 
But its results are more serious among the foreign born, heaped up 
as they are in the slums and purlieus. On the other hand, in the 
middle and far West, the proportion of actual foreign born has been 
declining since 1890. Cities lke Cincinnati or Milwaukee, once 
largely German, have now become Americanized. In the second 
and third generations, not recruited as actively as before by constant 
arrivals, the parent stock has become visibly diluted. And in the 
rural northwest, as the older Scandinavians die off, their places are 
being supphed by their American-born descendants; but with admix- 
ture of raw recruits from the old countries to a lesser degree than 
before. 
This phenomenon of concentration obviously tends to perpetuate 
the survival of racial stocks in purity. In a dense colony of 10,000 
or 50,000 Italians or Russian Jews there need be a little contact with 
other nationalities. The English language may intrude and the old- 
fashioned religion may lose its potency, but as far as physical contacts 
are concerned, the colony may be self-sufficient. Professor Buck 
found in the Czech colony in Chicago that while 48,000 children had 
both parents Bohemian, there were only 799 who had only one parent 
of that nationality. Had there been only a small colony the number 
of mixed marriages would have greatly increased. Thus the Irish 
in New York, according to the census of 1885, almost overwhelmingly 
took Irish brides to wife; but in Baltimore at the same time, where 
the Irish colony was small, about one in eight married native-born 
wives. Such facts illustrate the force of the influences to be over- 
come in the process of racial intermixture. Call it what you please, 
“consciousness of kind,” or “race instinct,” there will always be, 
as among animals, a disposition of distinct types to keep separate 
and apart. Among men, however, this seldom assumes concrete 
form in respect of physical type; although in “ The Races of Eu- 
