DEVELOPMENT OF THE SKULL IN THE PIG. 325 
hooked portion (“ hamular process”) being the apex of the pterygo-palatine arch. The 
top of the pterygoid, behind the mesopterygoid, has already coalesced with the pos- 
terior sphenoid at the root of the “ala,” and externally also it is almost completely 
confluent with the “external plate ” (e.pq.). 
The thin dentate end of the vomer (Plate XXXVI. fig. 4, v.) ends at the same trans- 
verse line with the mesopterygoids, whilst in front it reaches the fore margin of the 
premaxillaries within a barleycorn’s length. The vomerine plate broadens a little to sit 
on and articulate with the upturned and dovetailed edge of the palatine plate of the pala- 
tine bones, and also with the longer “ harmony suture” of the maxillaries ; its groove 
for the trabecular subseptal beam is rather deep. The complex nasal labyrinth is well 
ossified, but the septum between the inferior turbinals, supplied by the fifth nerve, is 
still soft. Beneath the large lacrymal, the “lamina papyracea” of the ectoethmoid 
is Just seen beside the pupiform socket of the developing last molar tooth. 
The lacrymal (Plate XX XVII. fig. 1, 7.) is a notable bone on the outer cheek, 
with an upper and a lower canal ; it is deeply scooped where it articulates antorbitally 
with the orbital plate of the frontal (Plate XNXVIL. fig. 1, /., £.); it forms part of 
the anterior root of the zygoma, and is nearly equally developed both within and with- 
out the orbit. 
The malar or jugal (j.) is a massive bar of bone, strongly set in at the front of the 
orbit between the lacrymal and maxillary (Plate NN XVII. fig. 1.7.,7.,7.). It is saddle- 
backed in its front thicker part, and its hinder half suddenly becomes only as thick as in 
front, so that the squamosal may yoke on to it; its lower surface is arcuate, its inner sur- 
face scooped, and its outer surface convex: almost an inch of space intervenes between 
the highest part of the malar and the descending postorbital spur of the frontal. The 
proper temporal bone, fitting scale-like to the temporal region of the skull, over the 
hinder edge of the frontal and the lower part of the parietal, is properly called the 
squamosal (sqg.). ‘This temporal part turns suddenly outwards to catch the pyriform 
condyle of the lower jaw, and then runs forwards and rides on the upper edge of the 
malar, stopping behind the concave portion of that bone. This zygomatic process of the 
squamosal rises sharp above the transverse ‘“ glenoid” bridge, which is scooped above 
and below, has a convex transverse part in front, and an angular scooping behind: this 
part is clothed with articular cartilage, and the mandibular condyle rides freely wader 
and wp it, a meniscus intervening. 
There is an acute ridge which runs obliquely up to the upper third of the superoccipital 
(Plate XX XVII. fig. 1, s7., s.0.); this rising wall closes in the deep temporal fossa. 
This ridge of bone, running downwards also, binds strongly upon and coalesces with the 
rough rounded uplooking mouth of the “ meatus auditorius externus” (m.e.). Below this 
part the squamosal splits into two narrow rough leaves; the hinder of these is the 
“posttympanic process,” and the front leaf is the “ postglenoidal.” The latter binds 
upon the side of the tympanic (ty.), the former runs down the fore edge of the par- 
occipital (paramastoid) process (p.oc.), and scoops its upper third. In front of the 
