PREFACE 9 



expenditure on these deficiencies, has been raised by friends 

 of the University and the Hope Department, and chiefly 

 by my own College, which has come to the assistance of 

 a hard-pressed University institution, electing me to a 

 Fellowship, with the full knowledge that the yearly income 

 would be applied to University purposes. Of this ^900, 

 exactly three-quarters, ^675, has been spent on cabinets, 

 ^120 for special work upon the Collections, and the 

 remainder in adding to the Collections. 



Much has been done, but increased activities have 

 brought increased needs. It is impossible, at any rate for 

 some time, to expect adequate help from the University. 

 I must, therefore, look for assistance to those who 

 sympathize with the aims of the Hope Department, and 

 value the work of which these volumes of Reports are 

 the evidence. 



EDWARD B. POULTON. 



Hope Department of Zoology, 

 University Museum, Oxford. 

 February 9, 1903. 



^Semper Africa novi aliquid apportat! 



Note. — In reference to the Latin quotation on the title-page and cover 

 of this volume I have adopted the form given by Erasmus in the Adagia 

 (ed. 1528 [Basle], p. 767). His note runs: ' Huic simillimum est illud 

 Plinianum, quod in historia mundi refert, Libyam semper aliquid novi 

 adferre. Quod quidem ideo dicebatur, quod in siticulosa regione ad unum 

 aliquem rivum plurimae ferarum species bibendi gratia convenire cogantur : 

 inibique varia mixtura violentiae Veneris, varias monstrorum formas, sub- 

 indeque novas nasci. Porro Plinius sumpsit ab Aiistotele, apud quern 

 refertur libro de generatione animalium secundo capite quinto. Anaxilas 

 apud Athenaeum libro decimo quarto festiviter ad rem detorsit.' The 

 preceding ' adagium ' is Semper adfert Libya niali quippiam. 



There does not appear to be any authority for the form in which the 

 quotation usually appears — ' Ex Africa semper aliquid novi.' My friends, 

 ]\Ir. C. E. Doble and Mr. W. G. Pogson Smith, have kindly helped me to 

 trace the quotation. E. g. p. 



