394 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on 



" ' The fact that several species of this genus are literally 

 swarming over large areas of country, and their habits are 

 such as to expose them almost continually during the 

 adult stage to attacks of birds, while in all of the investi- 

 gations of the food of birds they rarely appear, has raised 

 the question of their being inedible.' 



" Webster gives also a quotation from Bates' ' Naturalist 

 on River Amazon,' which I had overlooked: — 



" ' The Eumolpidse and Galerucidas were much more 

 numerous than the Chlamydes and Lamprosomas, although 

 being also leaf-eaters, and having neither the disguised 

 appearance of the one nor the hard integuments of the 

 other ; but many of them secrete a foul liquor when 

 handled, which may perhaps serve the same purpose of 

 passive defence.' " 



There are two other groups which may eventually be 

 placed beside the six families named above. 



Endomychid.E. Mr, Shclford's experiments show that 

 several of the Bornean species are most distasteful. They 

 are abundant and extremely conspicuous ; they form 

 synaposematic groups, especially with the Erotylidie, and 

 there is one beautiful example of mimetic resemblance to 

 an Endomychid model by a Bornean Longicorn. The style 

 of colouring in the family suggests that it contains 

 Mlillerian groups (see also p. 522). 



Pyrochroid^e. The colouring and habits suggest that 

 these Coleoptera are highly distasteful ; they may even 

 belong to the first rank in this respect. 



We now pass to a Coleopterous family which may with 

 more probability be placed beside the Hypsidm or Clialco- 

 siinx, undoubtedly distasteful groups of moths which 

 nevertheless are exceedingly apt to display Mlillerian 

 resemblances to other presumably still more strongly- 

 protected Lepidoptera. In such synaposematic combin- 

 ations tljcy appear perhaps invariably to take the patterns 

 and colours of others, rather than impress the stamp of 

 their own likeness on the assemblage. 



Cleuid.e. These beetles are, like the above-named 

 moths, most apt to take on the appearance of still more 

 distasteful allies, such as the Lyciaci}, the Cantliaridx, the 

 Galerucinfe, and, in the genus Allochotes, the Coccinellidm. 

 They are great mimics of MutillidcV, and less commonly of 

 ants. Mr. Shelford has come across one beautiful example 

 of the mimicry of common Bornean Clerids of the genus 



