416 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on 



under-side becomes of a general brownish tint, more or 

 less resembling a withered leaf, the likeness being 

 heightened by an oblique line running from the apex of 

 fore-wing to the anal angle of hind-wing, representing the 

 mid-rib ; also by the marked prolongation of the fore-wing, 

 so well known in the winter form of Mdanitis leda. 

 Lastly, the ocelli on the under-side are much reduced or 

 obsolescent" (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend., 1896, p. 557). I 

 am unable to understand the opening statement that 

 " the dry-season form is smaller," indeed, Mr. Marshall 

 criticizes a more general statement of the same kind made 

 by Mr. C. N. Barker (Joe. cit. p. 551). In the very first 

 species described from this point of view by Mr. Marshall, 

 Precis tugda, he speaks of " the smaller summer form," 

 and the only other Precis in which he speaks of a differ- 

 ence in size is P. artaxia, of which he uses almost the 

 same words (p. 561). I have since compared the two 

 phases of the following species in the Hope Collection, with 

 results shown below: — 



Precis tugela, dry phase larger. 



„ ccryne, „ „ much larger. 



„ actia, „ ,, „ „ 



„ pelasgis, ,, ,, rather „ 



„ sesamiis, „ „ distinctly larger.* 



,, antilopc, „ „ much „ 



„ artaxia, „ ,, ,, ,, 



See also pages 451 and 456 for the proof by weighing of 

 the great ditference between some of these phases. 



Since the above paragraph was written Mr. Marshall 

 has informed me that the statement was certainly a slip 

 of the pen, which remained uncorrected, because he was 

 unfortunately unable to see the proofs of his paper. 



Although Mr. Marshall anticipated the results of future 

 discovery in a truly remarkable manner in this memoir 

 (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend., 1896, p. 557), and brought forward 

 evidence of a most convincing kind, yet the conclusion 

 which required to be proved was to most naturalists so 

 highly improbable, because of the extraordinary differences 

 between the supposed species, that nothing less than the 

 actual breeding of one form from another was sufficient. 



In his second paper on the subject (Ann. and Mag. Nat. 



* Difference much less marked in specimens from northern part 

 of range. 



