514 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall 07i 



or on a superficial view, or during rapid movement, for 

 the still more formidable MutiUidiv and ants. Hence, 

 although the smaller species of this group resemble the 

 latter, and the larger the former, markings are neverthe- 

 less retained which serve to connect these Coleoptera 

 together, and enable the experience gained in an attack 

 on one of them to be of service in preventing the waste of 

 life in many other species. For the same reason we can 

 understand another curious inter-relationship, viz. that 

 there is a superficial resemblance between different genera 

 of Carahichv and between CicindclidiC and Carahidm. 

 Running through, but not concealing the resemblance to 

 the Hymenoptera, is a resemblance between the Cole- 

 opterous mimics themselves. Thus there is the likeness 

 described by Mr. Marshall on p. 512, between Grajjhijjtems 

 antiolcanns and Piczia sclousi (compare Plate XVII, figs. 

 14 and 15), while the remarkable likeness of the Cicin- 

 delidiv to the Carahidiv will be at once appreciated when 

 Figs. 17, 18 and 19 are compared with 15 and 16. The 

 same explanation is doubtless valid. The Cicindelid/e are 

 less powerful than the Carahid/i', but many of them emit 

 a peculiar scent, and the genus Tricondyla is closely 

 mimicked in Borneo by the Locustid Condylodera tricondy- 

 loides. We can well vmderstand that it is to the advan- 

 tage of OicindelidcV to be one with another and more 

 powerful set of Coleoptera, even though it may be a 

 further and probably greater advantage to resemble the 

 Mutillidm, a resemblance which is also involved in the 

 appearance they have gained. If this explanation be 

 sound we shall expect also to find examples of the same 

 kind of likeness between Cicindelidx and Cktrabidie wiiich 

 do not resemble these Hymenoptera. Plate XVII shows 

 that this is undoubtedly a fact, for the all-black PolyJiirma 

 hoiicardi (Fig. 13) is seen to be strongly resembled by a 

 Cicindelid, Myrmecoptera 2^olyhirm,oidt's, var. mashuna 

 (Fig. 20), belonging to the same genus as the three white- 

 marked species figured in the same Plate. 



The Glcridie everywhere tend to resemble Mutillidm, 

 but they also resemble Cantharidm, and more rarely 

 Lycldw and even Coccinellid.r, while one genus is beauti- 

 fully mimicked by a Longicorn in Borneo. The first- 

 mentioned likeness is probably a maiked example of 

 synaposematic colouring, and I should expect that the 

 character of the original structure and warning pattern, 



