The Bionomics of Soafh African Insccfs. 525 



that hardness alone can be sufficient protection to the 

 mimicked species, such as the Bornean Diurus ficrcillcttus, 

 and we are led to suspect the existence of unpalatability. 

 In the cabinet the specimens seem to be markedly cryptic, 

 but Mr. Shelford assures me that they are very connnordy 

 found on flowers, where their dull dark colours would 

 be most conspicuous. Above all things experiments with 

 insect-eating animals are greatly needed to throw light on 

 this most puzzling and exceptional occurrence, viz. the 

 existence of large numbers of models for mimicry among 

 Rhynchophora with an appai'ent, and certainly in many 

 cases an actual ciyptic appearance. 



32. Common Warning Colours in South African 

 Hymenopteua and the Mimicry of them ey 

 Insects of other Orders. (G. A. K. M.) 



A. Crrou2y with Bla.ch Bodies and Da.rh Bhi.a Wings, chicjhj 



Fossores. 



/ Apidas f Xylocopa hottentota (fig. IS) ; X. cari- 



(Pl. XXI) \. nata (fig. 19). 



Uumenidee f Eumenes tinctor (figs. 14, 1.5) ; E. dj^s- 

 (Pl. XXI) 1. chera (figs. 16, 17). 



Sphex boliemani (figs. 1, 2) ; S. cyani- 



veutris (fig. 3). 

 S. pelopeifonnis (figs. 4, 5) ; S. xantho- 

 cerus (fig. 6). 

 SjyhcqidcV ( S. umbrorius (fig. 7) ; Scelipliron clialy- 

 (Pl. XXI) bceiim (fig. 8). 



Tachytesuatalensis(figs. 9, 10) ; Amiuo- 

 phila Imlovicus (figs. 11, 12). 

 ^ A. beuiuiensis (fig. 13). 

 Hymenopteua / r Salius atropos (fig. 14) ; S. viudex (fig. 



15). 

 Pnmjiilidtv | S. dedjax (fig. 16) ; S. regiiia (fig. 17) ; 

 (PI. XX) ■ S. obscunis (fig. 18). 



Ponipilus sepulcbralis(fig. 19) ; P. fnis- 

 tratus (fig. 20). 

 ' Elis lachesis ^fig. 3) ; E. fasciatipennis 

 (fiSS. 4, 5). 

 Scoliadx Scolia alaris (figs. 6, 7, 8) ; S. fraterna 



(PI. XX) ' (figs. 9, 10). 



S. cyanea (figs. 11, 12) ; S. affinis (fig. 

 [ 13). 

 Tiphiidie Tiphia rugosa (PI. XX-, fig. 2). 



\ MiUillidgs Mutilla atropos (PI. XX, fig. 1). 



