Miscellaneous. 431 



of microcephalic individuals is far from approaching that of Monkeys; 

 it is more dissimilar to the latter than the human brain of normal 

 structure, the occipital and parietal lobes being much reduced, leaving 

 the cerebellum uncovered. There is, therefore, no transition from 

 the human brain to that of Monkeys, any more than from the 

 human skull to that of the Ape. When we take into consideration 

 all that we know of normal and abnormal structure in Man and the 

 Ape, we find that both are as widely separated from each other 

 (i. e. without any intermediate forms) as mammals and birds, as 

 Ornithorhynchus and Struthio. Everything in zoology and physio- 

 logy contradicts those far-going, genealogical affinities, metamor- 

 phoses, and transitions which are demanded by Darwin. "Man 

 and Monkey are creatures primitively and absolutely distinct, even 

 if we ignore all psychological considerations." 



On the Spermatophora of some Hirudinei. By M. C. Robin. 



The author has discovered the occurrence of Spermatophora in 

 Nephelis, in which they present remarkable peculiarities. They 

 pass entirely from the reservoir in which they are produced into the 

 female apparatus before the latter contains any trace of ovules ; so 

 that in these animals, contrary to what takes place in others, the 

 fecundating fluid arrives in the female organs before they contain 

 any eggs. It is only after the penetration of the spermatophora that 

 the eggs make their appearance in the interior of these bodies, the 

 size of which increases in proportion to the growth and number of 

 the ovules. From being spermatophora in the male organs, they 

 become ovo-spermatophora in the ovarian tubes. 



At the period of copulation each of the ovoid sacs which terminate 

 the male apparatus of the Glossiphonice is filled with a spermato- 

 phore, which nearly exactly reproduces its form, and the two also 

 unite by a common extremity in the simple portion of the canal 

 which opens at the male genital pore. 



On separating these Annelides from each other during copulation, 

 the two spermatophora may be seen issuing from the genital pore of 

 the male : sometimes they have only partially escaped ; sometimes 

 they are entirely extruded, and adhere to the body of one or other 

 of the animals. They are of a brilliant silvery white colour and of 

 a most elegant form. They are 3 millim. in length and \ millim. in 

 diameter. They are club-shaped, with the large extremity turned 

 backwards and prolonged into a fine, slightly curved point, the 

 length of which is equal to or greater than the greatest diameter of 

 the spermatophore ; they terminate in front in a slender portion 

 nearly as long as the thickened part ; they have a common cavity 

 anteriorly for about one-fourth of their total length. 



Each spermatophore fills the cavity of the sac which terminates 

 the male generative apparatus. The elongated point of the thick 

 extremity is engaged in the flexuose genital duct ; the common por- 

 tion corresponds with the single duct which opens at the genital 

 pore. The wall of the spermatophore is from T fo to T ^j millim. in 



