2 Dr. W. Baird on new Entomostracous Crustacea. 



many Entomostraca, however, possess this faculty in a great 

 degree there can be no doubt. .In the beginning of the spring 

 of this year I had a small quantity of dry mud from South 

 Africa supplied to me by Mr. Henry Woodward of the British 

 .Museum, This mud had been given to him by Mr. W. S. M. 

 d'Urban, who received it from Dr. Rubidge as taken by him 

 from the bed of a dried-up "vley" (or large pond) near Port 

 Elizabeth, Cape Colony, in August 1861. 



In the month of January 1862 it was placed in some pure 

 spring- water, care having been taken to see that it contained no 

 animal or vegetable matter. In April, as the weather became 

 somewhat warm, a number of . small Entomostracous Crustacea 

 made their appearance. These were all young animals, evidently 

 bred from the ova contained in the mud. Numerous specimens 

 of the carapaces of two or three species were found lodged in 

 the mud; but no^adults revived from -their exsiccated state. 

 One of these dried carapaces was that of a Phyllopodous Crus- 

 tacean, a species of Estheria, which I have described in a paper 

 read before the Zoological Society this year, and which I have 

 named Estheria Rubidgei. No young of this species have as yet 

 made their appearance ; and only one species of the Branchio- 

 poda has showed itself. This is a species of Daphnia, closely 

 resembling in almost every particular the Daphnia longispina of 

 Miiller ( = D. pulex, var. a of the ' British Entomostraca ') . This 

 Daphnia would appear to be, along with the D. Atkinsoni from 

 Jerusalem (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. iv. p. 281, pi. 5. 

 fig. 2) and D. Newportii from India (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1 860, p. 446), 

 the representative in those countries of our common European 

 Daphnia pulex. Two species of Lophyropodous Crustaceans 

 have shown themselves also. One of these, not quite satisfac- 

 torily made out, is a species of Cypris somewhat resembling the 

 English species C. tristriata. The other, which has arrived at a 

 state of maturity, is a very distinct species ; and of this I sub- 

 join a figure and description. 



Legion LOPHYROPODA. 



Order OSTRACODA. Family Cyprididse. 



Genus Candona. 



Candona d'Urbani, Baird. PI. I. figs. 1, la, b. 



Carapace elongately oval, flattened at both extremities, nar- 

 rower posteriorly than anteriorly. The central portion of the 

 carapace is much swollen, and has a slight indentation at about 

 one-third from the anterior extremity, indicated by a slightly 

 raised knob or protuberance on the side near the dorsal margin. 

 Externally the surface of the carapace is hispid with short strong 



