Rev. R. T. Lowe on some Land-Mollusca of Madeira. 93 



Fig. 10. Larva taken from the brood-leaves of the female, magnified 



ISO diameters. 

 Fig. 11. Foot of the male. 

 Figs. 12-16. Feet of the larva: 12, from the last thoracic segment; 



13, from the first ; 14, from the third ; 15, from the fifth ; and 



16, from the last abdominal segment. 



X. — Notice of the Discovery, by the Barao do Castello de Paiva, 

 of the Fossil Helix coronula recent, and of other new Land- 

 Mollusca, in Madeira. By R. T. Lowe, M.A. 



Ten or twelve years ago I showed the proportion between the 

 apparently extinct or yet undiscovered recent shells of Canical, 

 and those of the same deposit which had been then found living 

 in Madeira, to be as 10 to 35 or 38, i. e. as 1 to 3| or 3£, — 

 i. e. very nearly 29 or 27 per cent. (See Prim. Faunae et Flora? 

 Mad. ed. 2. App. p. xiv.) However, even this per-centage had 

 been plainly on the wane — reduced directly by the discovery, in 

 ] 855 and several following years, at three or four points along 

 the north coast of Madeira, by Mr. Wollaston and myself, of 

 living Helix tiarella, Webb, and affected, doubtless, indirectly 

 by that of H sphcerula, Lowe, <y major, found alive in Porto 

 Santo by myself, and of the peculiarly Porto-Santan fossil, H. 

 Lowei, Fer., living at a considerable depth below the surface in 

 the Ilheo de Cima, off the east end of Porto Santo, by S r J. M. 

 Moniz. To these two latter facts, indicative of the probability 

 of still further actual diminution of the ratio between the extinct 

 and still existing shells of Canical, I may add my own discovery 

 in Madeira proper, two years ago, of a living species (H. delphi- 

 nuloides, Lowe) so nearly allied to the very abundant and cha- 

 racteristic Canical fossil H. delphinula, that the occurrence of 

 that remarkable species itself recent in Madeira may be some- 

 what confidently looked for. 



I am now authorized by my excellent and zealous friend, the 

 Barao do Castello de Paiva, to announce some late discoveries 

 of his, still further tending in the same direction. One of these 

 is that of a living Helix (H. galeata, Paiva, MSS.) so remarkable 

 in form and aspect that my first impression was a ready acqui- 

 escence in the Baron's proposal to bestow on it, as an entirely 

 new species, the very appropriate name of H. galeata, referring 

 appositely to its peculiar helmet-like or beehive shape. A close 

 comparison, however, of his shells with numerous examples of 

 the Canical fossil " Helix calva, Lowe (var. fere major)/' Prim, 

 ed. 2. App. p. xiii., has since led me to believe it to be rather a 

 singularly convex extreme form of that variety, differing, indeed, 

 remarkably from the usual aspect of the shell in question in its 



