230 Zoological Society : — 



and distinguishable by other, more constant, characters than by that 

 of the arrangement of the vomerine teeth. Be this as it may, it suf- 

 fices for our purpose that Heckel distinguishes those fishes of Central 

 Europe by the considerable breadth of the interorbital space, which 

 is twice the diameter of the eye. The figure*, also (which is rather 

 indifferent), represents a remarkably small eye ; the pectoral fin oc- 

 cupies only one-half of the distance of its root from that of the ven- 

 trals; and when we compare the British specimens, we find that their 

 head is much narrower, their eye much larger, and their pectoral 

 fins much longer than in the fishes described by Heckel, and conse- 

 quently that none of them can be identical with the South-German 

 Salbling or with the Salmo salvelinus of Linnaeus. 



b. Salmo umbla, L. Linnaeus has founded this species on the 

 ninth species of Salmo in Artedi's ' Genera,' or on the seventh in his 

 ' Synonymy,' the latter ichthyologist following Rondelet, who de- 

 scribed the "Salmo Lemani lacus, seu Umblaf," or the "Ombre 

 (chevalier)" of the Lakes of Geneva and Neuchatel. J urine J and 

 A gassiz § have given figures of this fish. Far superior to them is that 

 published by Rapp ||, who has identified the " Rothel" of the Lake 

 of Constance with the Salmo umbla, L. 



This species never assumes the red colours of the S. salvelinus, or 

 of the Charrs of Windermere and of Wales. It could be compared 

 in this respect only with the "Freshwater Herring" of Lough Melvin, 

 from which it is readily distinguished by its much larger teeth, by 

 its wide mouth, the maxillary extending to behind the orbit, by its 

 much more elongate body, and by the proportions of its fins. Salmo 

 umbla of Linnaeus differs from the British Charrs (as far as we treat 

 of them in this paper) in nearly every one of the external characters, 

 and agrees with the Irish species only in its plainer coloration and 

 in the size of its scales. 



c. Salmo alpinus, L. Linnaeus, on his tour through Lapland, 

 discovered in the mountain-lakes of that country a species of Charr, 

 which he described in the ' Fauna Suecica,' p. 117, no. 310, and 

 which he named S. alpinus in the ' Systema Naturae.' He adopts 

 the opinion of Artedi in referring the British Charr (which he knew 

 from Willughby's description) as a synonym to this S. alpinus. 

 Even the few details which are given in his and Nilsson's descriptions 

 do not admit of an identification of those species. Linnaeus says that 

 the length of the head of the typical specimen was 1^ inch, and the 

 distance from (the front margin of) the dorsal to the adipose fin 

 3 inches : in the British Charrs the head is much longer. He found 

 the length of the head equal to that of the base of the dorsal fin : in 

 British Charrs the base of that fin is much shorter. Nilsson de- 

 scribes the S. alpinus, L., as a distinct variety of S. salvelinus, di- 

 stinguished by short fins ; but S. salvelinus, Nilss., has shorter fins 

 than any of the British Charrs. 



* Siisswasserf. fig. 155. f Rondel, ii. p. 160. 



% Poiss. du lac Leman, pi. 5. 



§ Poiss. d'eau douce, pis. 10 & 11 (but not pi. 9). 



|| Bodensee-Fische, p. 32. taf. 5. 



