Messrs. Jones and Kirkby on Carboniferous Entomostraca. 39 
and a much earlier instance of the occurrence of the genus is in 
the Silurian Limestone of Keisley in Westmoreland, where it 
was discovered in 1864 by Professor R. Harkness, F.R.S. 
A collection of Belgian Bivalve Entomostraca presented to one 
of us a few years ago by M. J. Bosquet, of Maestricht,—a col- 
lection of fossil Cyprinide from Little Island, Cork, sent us by 
Mr. Joseph Wright, F.G.S.,—and a collection submitted to us 
by Mr. J. H. Burrow, M.A., of Settle, Yorkshire, enable us to 
unravel some of the obscurities of this group, which had its 
representatives even in Silurian times*, and is still largely 
represented in the present seas. We intend, however, on the 
present occasion merely to mention what we believe to be 
the real relationships of M. de Koninck’s species, as already 
indicated in the ‘ Neues Jahrbuch’ for 1864, p. 54, and in the 
‘Canadian Naturalist and Geologist,’ new series, vol. i. p. 237, 
where we have stated that M‘Coy’s Daphnia primeva is a Cy- ~ 
pridina, De Koninck’s Cypridina Edwardsiana and Cypridella 
cruciata are Cypridelle, his Cypridina annulata and Cyprella 
chrysalidea are Cyprelle, and his Cypridina concentrica is an 
Entomis. 
1843. Portlock.—In 1843 the late General (then Captain) 
Portlock, in his Report on the Geology of Londonderry, 
p- 316, treated of two Entomostraca from the Carboniferous 
Shales of Derry, Tyrone, and Fermanagh, Ireland, namely Cy- 
pris Scotoburdigalensis (Hibbert) and Cypris subrectus (Portlock) ; 
and illustrated the former by fig. 13 c, and the latter by fig. 13 3, 
of his plate 24. C.subrecta (the original specimen of which we 
have seen, by the kindness of the officers of the Geological 
Survey Museum, Jermyn Street) is very similar to the first- 
named in shape, but is somewhat larger. Both are varieties of 
Leperditia Okeni; and, together with numerous very similar com- 
rades, they infested the salt and brackish waters of the early 
Carboniferous period in nearly every region of the northern 
hemisphere, acting as scavengers} on the decaying animal and 
vegetable materials in the muddy shallows and lagoons. As 
Leperditia subrecta represents a size above that of L. Scotobur- 
digalensis, and does not exactly correspond to any of the Bavarian 
* In the pebbles of Silurian quartzite in the Conglomerate at Budleigh- 
Salterton (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xx. p. 283; and Geol. Mag. vol. 1. 
p- 5), Mr. Salter has discovered a specimen very closely allied to Cypridina ; 
and Mr. G. Haswell has found others in the Upper Silurian beds of the 
Pentland Hills. 
+ Since the publication of the ‘ Monograph of the Fossil Estherie,’ Pal. 
Soe. 1862, in which allusion is made to the garbage-eating habits of the 
small Entomostraca, we see that Prof. Phillips, as far back as 1841, pointed 
out the common association of Fish-remains with Cyprids (Brit. Assoc. 
Rep. 1841, Sections, p. 65). 
