of the Herbarium of Acharius. 317 
maintained, inasmuch as they depend solely on slight modifica- 
tions in the mode of prolification. 
The herbarium at Helsingfors contains many folioliferous 
specimens of this species, and amongst them I observed a spe- 
cimen of C. degenerans. 
22. Cladonia pleurota, (Ach.) Syn. p. 270 et hb. ejusd. 
This species is nothing more than a variety of the preceding. 
All the Acharian specimens are referable to C. coccifera; and 
Florke (Com. p. 91) has wrongly reproached him for having 
confounded C. pleurota with C. deformis. 
23. Cladonia bellidiflora, (Ach.) Syn. p. 270 et hb. ejusd. 
The C. bellidiflora is the least polymorphous species of the 
genus, and preserves sufficiently well in its diverse modifications 
the typical characters of the species. Nevertheless Acharius 
has mentioned four varieties ; but I must confess that his herba- 
rium exhibits very little real difference between his forms am- 
pullifera, ventricosa, and gracilenta, and that his var. polycephala 
appears to me tobe only the type in fructification. For simplicity’s 
sake, therefore, it is necessary to reject these artificial distine- 
tions. 
Some specimens of C. bellidiflora v. polycephala, sent from 
Grimsel by Scherer, seem to me to be rather C. degenerans. 
24. Cladonia ceratophylla, (Ach.) Syn. p. 271 et hb. ejusd. 
The Acharian herbarium contains only a well-characterized 
fragment of this species. 
25. Cladonia cenotea, (Ach.) Syn. p. 271 et hb. ejusd. 
The typical Acharian specimens present nothing remarkable. 
As to the var. crassota, it differs so little from the type, that it 
may be erased. 
26. Cladonia parecha, (Ach.) Syn. p. 272 et hb. ejusd. 
This Acharian species is synonymous with Cladonia turgida, 
Hffm. 
The Acharian specimens are not numerous, but sufficiently 
pure, except a specimen of C. uncialis obtusata (Ach.). 
The Lichen candelabrum of Bory de Saint Vincent, cited here 
as a synonym, differs considerably from C. turgida, and consti- 
tutes a distinct species—Cladonia candelabrum (Bor.). 
27. Cladonia crispata, (Ach.) Syn. p. 272 et hb. ejusd. 
All the specimens of the Acharian herbarium are perfectly 
typical, and exhibit no approach to any other species. 
