326 Dr. J. E. Gray on the Arrangement of the Ruminants. 
rank with Bovide and Giraffide, between which families it 
ought to be placed. 
The Ruminants may be divided, according to their horns, 
thus :— 
I. The males and generally the females furnished with a 
bony process on each frontal bone, which is permanent during 
the lives of the animals. 
In the Bovipa this bony process is covered with a permanent 
horny coat. 
The horn (coleocera) has the same appearance, form, struc- 
ture, and is enlarged in the same manner as the hoofs over the 
toes. 
In the ANtILocaPrip® the bony process is covered with a 
porous horny coat, which falls off and is renewed annually. 
The horn or pseudo-horn (komecera) of the Cabrit is sui generis. 
It seems to be formed of the matted or felted hair of the skin that 
covers the core. It loosens and falls off in the mass when the 
new coat of matted hair is formed beneath it. The horns may 
be compared to the annual coat of matted hair which is shed by 
the American bison and some other ruminants; but in that 
animal the hair only forms a kind of blanket, and falls off in 
flakes of different sizes. 
In the Girarripz the bony process is covered with a skin 
like the rest of the body, and equally permanent, and the horn 
(dermocera) covered with hair that is shed and renewed like the 
hair of the body. 
II. The males and sometimes the females are periodically 
furnished with horns, which, during development or expansion, 
are covered with a vascular skin coated with down, the skin 
falling off when the horns are perfect and solidified, and the 
horns themselves falling off at the end of the season. In some 
few the horns spring from the end of a permanent elongated 
bony process, as in the Muntjac. (Cexvip2.) 
The antlers (epochocera) of the deer differ from the horns of 
the other ruminants in being periodical developments of bone, 
which is at first covered with a hairy skin, that dries up and 
falls off. 
III. Neither sex provided with any horn-like process of the 
frontal bone, as the musk (Moscuip#), camels, llama (CameE- 
LIDZ). 
