Determination of the Cladoniei by Hydrate of Potash, 405 
LIII.—Notule Lichenologice. No. XI. 
By the Rev. W. A. Leicuton, B.A., F.L.S. 
On the Examination and Rearrangement of the Cladoniei, as 
tested by Hydrate of Potash. 
In no case is the new reactive, hydrate of potash (see Annals & 
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xvi. p. 169), of greater practical 
utility than in the difficult tribe of the Cladoniei, that crux of 
lichenologists, where its application enables us with admirable 
precision and exactness to determine the various species, to re- 
distribute the confounded species, and to refer to their proper 
systematic places the innumerable varieties and forms and endless 
modifications which may resemble each other in external charac- 
ters. This will be amply manifest to the student by the follow- 
ing result of its application to the specimens in my herbarium. 
Where the reactive produces a yellow colour, it may be indicated 
by this sign, K+; where no reaction takes place, or only a slight 
fuscescence, thus, K—. 
Tribe CLADONIEI, Ny]. 
I. Pycnorwetta, Ach., Duf., Nyl. (K+). 
1. P. papillaria (Hoffm.) (Dill. t. xvi. f. 28, E. Bot. t. 907) 
=Scher. L. H. 511,512; Nyl. Lich. Paris. 107; Moug. & 
Nestl. 259; Leight. Brit. Lich. 208; Mudd, Brit. Lich. 22; 
Mudd, Brit. Clad. 80; Coémans, Clad. Belg. 1, 2, 8, 4; Anazi, 
Clad. Cisalp. 27; T. M. Fr. Lich. Scand. 16; Spruce, Lich. 
Pyren. 
In addition to the above published collections, my herbarium 
contains the plant from Bagnéres (Dr. Philippe), Genoa (Prof. 
DNtrs.), Smoland, Femsjé (Dr. T. M. Fries), Eperjes, Hungary 
(Dr. Holzinger), Westmoreland (Mrs. Stanger), Yorkshire (Mr. 
G. Dixon), Bournemouth, Hants (Rev. A. Bloxam). 
2. P.mascarena, Nyl. Of this plant I have seen no specimen; 
but Dr. Nylander informs me (i Uitt.) that it has the same 
reaction (K+) as P. papillaria. 
II. Craponta, Nyl. (thallus leafy: see Flora, 1866, p. 178, 
and Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 ser. xvii. p. 105.) 
* Pheocarpe (K+). 
1. C. endiviefolia, Fr. (Mich. Gen. t. 24. f. 3, E. Bot. t. 2361). 
The under surface of the thallus becomes of a faint yellow with 
hydrate of potash, which is not the case with C. alcicornis, thus 
showing them to be distinct. =Nyl. L.P.106; Scher. L. H. 
456; M.& N. 1062; Anzi, C.C. 1,2; Coém. *620; Welw. 
Crypt. Lusit. 35. 105; Mudd, B.C. 1. 
My herbarium has it also from Rome (Dr. Deakin), Médling, 
