418 Rev. W. A. Leighton on the Determination of the 
III. Cuapina, Nyl. Thallus leafless. (See Flora, 1866, p. 178, 
and Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. xviii. p. 105.) 
* Pheocarpe (K+). 
1. C. rangiferina, Hoffm. (E. Bot. 173; Dill. t. xvi. f. 29 
A & 8)=Scher. L. H. 76,77; Anzi, C.C.25 « (in part) ; Spruce, 
L. Amaz. 17; Richardson, L. Arct. Am. 31, 32; Wright, Cub. 
38, 39; Mudd, Br. L. 19; Wagner, Lich. 22; Fellm. Lapp. 
38; M. &. N. 72 (part.) ; Mudd, Br. C]. 58; Coém. Clad. Belg. 
134, 135, 1386, 187, 188, 140, 141, 142, 148, 144, 145, 146, 
147, 149, 172. 
It has long been suspected that rangiferina and sylvatica, 
although classed together, were in reality two distinct species ; 
and the different reaction in the two plants proves this suspicion 
to have good foundation. 
The reaction (K+) separates this from sylvatica, portentosa, 
and alpestris (K—), and unites pycnoclada (K+) with it. 
My herbarium has it also from Salzburg (Dr. Schwarz), 
Jerkin, Norway (Dr. W. L. Lindsay), Holm (Dr. Nylander), 
Bagni ‘di Lueca (Dr. Deakin), and from Leicestershire (Rev. A. 
Bloxam); Glen Callater, Braemar (Dr. W. L. Lindsay). 
Dr. Nylander says (en litt.) the C. rangiferina is decidedly a 
distinct species from C. sylvatica. That which M. Abbé Coé- 
mans calls “ C. rangiferina, var. sylvatica forma intermedia inter 
typum et var. sylvaticam.—C. rangiferina, y. tenuis, 6. fuscescens, 
Flk. Comm. p. 165,” and gives in his Cl. ‘Belg. 149, is evidently 
a form of rangiferina, and exhibits the reaction Ka: 
2. C. gorgonea, Eschw. According to Dr. Nylander (in litt.) 
this tha Kea: 
**k Pheocarpe (K—). 
3. C. sylvatica, Hoffm. = Leight. Exs. 57; Richardson, 30, 
33, 385; Massal. 192, 193; Welw. Lusit.30; Scher. L. H. 78; 
Mudd, Br. L. 20; Br. Clad. 57, 59,60; Bohl.6; M. & N. 72; 
Anzi, C. CU. 25 a (in part) B; Coém. Clad. Belg. 129, 130, 131, 
132, 183, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 
162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171. 
Of this in my herbarium are also specimens from Untersont- 
heim (Kemler), Upsal (Dr. T. M. Fries), Salzburg (Dr. Schwarz), 
Lheris (Dr. Philippe), Algeria (Durieu), Jerkin, Norway (Dr. W. 
L. Lindsay), Leicestershire (Rev. A. Bloxam), Yorkshire (Mr. 
G. Dixon), Blaebery Hill, Perth (Dr. W. L. Lindsay), Basing- 
stoke (Mr. R. 8. Hill), Forfarshire (Rev. T. B. Bell), and Shrop- 
shire. 
’ Some of the above specimens exhibit a slightly fuscescent 
reaction ; nevertheless none of them have the decided yellow 
