526 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 



The study of the skulls from the dolmens in Kocknia (20) and 

 Guyotville (2), in two of which the greatest width could not be ac- 

 curately measured, resulted, according to the German division, in 

 60 per cent dolichocephalic skulls, 30 per cent mesocephalic and 10 

 per cent brachycephalic, thus indicating a preponderance of dolicho- 

 and mesocephalic people. 



The significance cf this result will be dwelt upon further on. 



Besides these megalithic monuments there are also numerous re- 

 mains of a paleolithic and neolithic people in north Africa. That 

 Africa had a stone age was proved in 1882 by Andree, 1 and since then 

 this fact has been frequently confirmed. Through the well-known 

 expedition of Foureau-Lamy, as also through Pallary, Ferrand. and 

 Flamand, large collections of the earlier and later stone age became 

 known, part of which is preserved in the museum at Algiers. An 

 excellent survey of the latter is given by Flamand. 2 These finds 

 come chiefly from the highland in southern Oran and the Sahara as 

 far as the regions of the Tooarceks and consist of celt axes, moustier 

 points and scrapers, and laurel-leaf-shaped arrow points; further, 

 polished stone axes of the common sort and of the double obconic 

 form (hache en boudin) ; then, especially at Ouargla, in southern 

 Algeria, numerous arrow points of the known forms as well as also 

 of a peculiar shield-shaped kind, with long point and handle (pointes 

 a ecusson), also points with transverse edges and a kind of harpun 

 (hamegon double), finally large spearheads — all of silex or siliceous 

 limestone ; besides pearls made of shells and ostrich eggs, polishing 

 stones, millstones, and other objects. 



Flamand also discovered anew in south Oran a large number of 

 stone engravings and published an instructive survey of these monu- 

 ments in north Africa, of which those with Kabyle inscriptions and 

 representations of extinct animals are especially important. 3 



Hamy likewise came across many neolithic finds in southern Tunis. 

 Among these, remnants of earthenware are rare though veiy instruc- 

 tive because they were built up or molded in baskets, so that they 

 retain an impression of the texture as an ornament. In the pursuit 

 of his investigations he found that only the baskets of the Somalis 

 continue to bear the same ornament as the vessels of the neolithic 

 stations in the Sahara and in southern Tunis. 



If we inquire what people left all these remains of their existence 

 we are confronted by great difficulties. This much is clear, it must 

 have been a settled people, spread over all of northern Africa from 

 Tripolis, or certainly from the Gulf of Gabes, to the Atlantic Ocean. 

 As evidence of this the great number of monuments still surviving 

 speaks in clear and unmistakable language. 



1 Globus, 1882, p. 196 ff. 



2 Revue Africaine, 1906, No. 261, 262, p. 204 ff. 



3 In the publications of the Societe d Anthropologic de Lyon, 1901, p. 5 ff. 



