528 ANNUAL, REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 



Senegal to north Africa, and certainly from Morocco to Tunis, but 

 the peculiar script is in present use only among the Tooarceks. 



Tamazirt is closely related to the language of the Copts, the Nu- 

 bians, and the Somalis. It thus belongs to the Hamitic language 

 group and also exhibits a certain relationship with the Semitic, but 

 absolutely none with the Indo-German language group. 



These pure Kabyles are found only upon the highest points of the 

 inhabited Atlas, in the Rif of Morocco, in the great Kabylia of 

 Algeria, in the Aures and in Enfida in Tunis. Those in the Rif 

 have been studied by Tissot * and Quedenf eld - ; those of the Aures, 

 where they call themselves Shania, by Laritique 3 and Maciver- 

 Wilkin 4 ; and those of Tunis by Collignon 5 and Hamy 6 . To obtain 

 a closer personal knowledge of them, I made a trip to the great 

 Kabylia, as I had the good fortune to secure as a guide a native 

 Kabyle, a servant at my hotel, who was very intelligent and, besides 

 his mother tongue, was well versed in Arabic and French. 



The country of the great Kabylia — that is, that part of the Atlas 

 which attains its highest point in the Jurjura, extends from Haus- 

 sonville, on the railroad from Algiers to Tizi-Ouzon, and Bougie in 

 the north, and Beni Mansour in the south 7 (pi. 4, fig. 1). 



The Jurjura, rising to a height of 3,208 meters, and till far into 

 the summer covered with ice and snow, forms an imposing, pic- 

 turesque, connected chain of mountains, separated from one another 

 by deep ravines. Around, and partly parallel with them, ran other 

 ranges of high mountains likewise cut by deep ravines. All the 

 waters from the Jurjura are gathered in the Sebaou, which at 

 Dellis falls into the sea. The deep precipices, which rise steeply to 

 a height of 180 to 2.000 meters, are closely planted clear to the top 

 with vines, figs, olive trees, wheat or barley, ash, oak, and euca- 

 lyptus, and the ridges and adjoining slopes are so closely settled 

 with villages that the population attains here a density of 172 to 190 

 to the square kilometer, which surpasses even that of Holland, the 

 second most densely populated country in Europe, with only 149 to 

 the square kilometer (pi. 4, fig. 2). 



The center of this entire country is Fort National (pi. 4, fig. 1), a 

 fortress established in 1857, through which the French Government 

 dominates the entire Kabylia — it is therefore also called by the peo- 



1 Revue d'Anthropologie. v. 1876, p. 390 ff. 



2 Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 18S8-9. 



3 Theobald Fischer, Mittelmeerhilder. N. F. 1908, p. 390. 



4 Wilkin, Among the Berbers of Algeria, p. 57 ff. and Maciver- Wilkin, Libyan Notes, 

 p. 23 ff. 



B Materiaux pour l'histoire de l'Homme, 1887, p. 172 ff. 



6 La Tunisie au debut du XXme siecle, 1904, p. 1 ff. 



7 I am indebted for the following cuts with one exception to the photographs taken by 

 M. Achard in Fort National, in whose store I bought them. 



