532 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 



Boys are circumcised at the age of 3 years. At the age of 15 boys, 

 as well as girls, marry. 



The dress of the Kabyles is very simple and, in Algeria, is alike 

 for rich and poor (pis. 9 and 10). A cotton shirt is worn next to 

 the skin and over it is a second shirt-like dress which reaches to the 

 knees, and over this, for men, a white woolen mantle, a kind of 

 burnus, which likewise leaves the lower parts of the thighs free, and 

 in walking is so draped that the left arm rests as in a sling, while the 

 right arm from the elbow remains free. The women usually wear 

 only the two shirts and a kind of shawl wound as a belt around 

 the hips; the fore arms and lower thighs are entirely free, usually 

 also the feet. Trousers and stockings are used neither by the men 

 nor the women, but the wearing of shoes is frequently noticed. 



Upon the head the men usually wear a red fez, the shashiya, round 

 which a piece of cloth is wound in form of a turban. Old men 

 sometimes wear a black, and the poor often a white fez, over which 

 the head part of the mantle is drawn in form of a capouch. 



Their entire clothing is often very dirty and ragged so that the 

 men look as if they had pulled an old long sack over their heads for 

 their walking dress. Occasionally they wear discarded European 

 vests or torn trousers that obviously produce a ludicrous impression 

 on Europeans. 



In contrast to this the higher judges or Kadis, who were installed 

 by the French Government, wearing red burnuses often decorated 

 with manjr orders, and the police officers in their black ones, high 

 stockings, and shoes, make a dignified appearance in their picturesque 

 costumes. 



With the women the second shirt is often dyed red, blue, or striped, 

 so also the head handkerchief, which they wind around the head so 

 that the hair streams out somewhat wildly from beneath it. Their 

 personal ornaments consist of simple pendants of silver filigree, 

 corals, and glass pearls, which are worn on the head, around the 

 neck, and on the breast; or earrings, bracelets, and anklets of silver; 

 rarely, for display at festivals, are the ornaments of a richer combi- 

 nation. Children often wear a whole.row of amulets suspended from 

 the neck. The women love finery but are generally modest and indus- 

 trious. 



The main occupation of the Kabyles consists in tilling the soil. 

 Stock raising as an industry is comparatively insignificant. The 

 mule performs all the work of the horse or ass in other regions — but 

 there is no lack of small flocks of sheep and cattle. Men and women 

 are seen diligently at work in the fields. 



The tilling of the soil is chiefly carried on for the winning of 

 barley, wheat, grapes, figs, and olives, which are all in great demand 



